Civics LT 1.2

Natural Rights

Rights all people are born with that governments should protect.

Magna Carta

King of England was forced to sign it by nobles, limited the king's power, and established that even the king had to follow the law.

Mayflower Compact

Plymouth colonists' agreement that established self-government and majority rule.

Town Meeting

A form of direct democracy where citizens participate directly in decisions.

3rd Amendment

Relates to the British Quartering Acts regarding housing soldiers.

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Known for Social Contract Theory: an agreement where people follow rules and share responsibilities so everyone can live together safely and peacefully.

House of Burgesses and Parliament

Both were historical legislative bodies.

Separation of Powers

Having 3 distinct branches of government.

4th Amendment

Protection from unreasonable searches and seizures.

5th Amendment

Covers due process, self-incrimination, and double jeopardy.

6th Amendment

Guarantees rights of the accused in criminal trials.

8th Amendment

Prohibits excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment.

Article IV of the Constitution

Focuses on states' rights and issues.

The Great Compromise

Compromise about how states would be represented in Congress. Created a bicameral Congress: House based on population, Senate with equal representation.

Enlightenment Influence

Enlightenment thinkers promoted ideas like natural rights and equality, which influenced the Declaration of Independence and Constitution.

Virginia Plan

Proposed representation based on population for large states.

New Jersey Plan

Proposed equal representation for small states.

Article I of the Constitution

Establishes Congress.

Article II of the Constitution

Establishes the President.

Article III of the Constitution

Establishes Federal courts.

Article V of the Constitution

Covers the Amendment process.

Article VI of the Constitution

Establishes national supremacy.

Article VII of the Constitution

Covers ratification.