PROPERTIES OF A WELL-WRITTEN TEXT

discourse material

must possess certain properties to

achieve the objective of their composition: to

effectively deliver the message that they are trying

to convey to a certain audience.(e.g. essay, article, book

chapter, etc.)

Organization

- is achieved when ideas are logically and

accurately arranged with focus on the

arrangement of ideas, incidents, evidence,

or details in a definite order in a paragraph,

essay, or speech

logical and sensible pattern.

organization is developing your

ideas into a __________

logical manner

Organizing your ideas in a __________ helps

your readers understand your text clearly.

organization

effective strategic plotting of ideas in a text.

Effective

- A writer does not live on organizing

information alone; s/he must be able to

organize such thoughts, concepts, and facts

in a way that it will be easily understood by

everyone regardless of their level of

comprehension.

Strategic plotting

- Organizing information is deliberately

decided depending on the need of those

who may read your essay, article, or any

other discourse material you are asked to

make

Ideas

- The root of it all. Remember that the reason

we organize ideas is to easily understand

them should we need them right now, or in

the future.

• Introduction (the overview and the pre-test)

• Body (the lectures themselves)

• Conclusion (the summary, activities, and the

learning output)

IBC format:

Introduction

(the overview and the pre-test)

Body

(the lectures themselves)

Conclusion

(the summary, activities, and the

learning output)

a. Topic Subordination

b. Generalization to Specification

Organization Techniques:

Topic Subordination

- Commonly applied to paragraphs, this is the

explicit highlighting of the topic sentence

and the supporting details which are clipped

onto it

Topic Subordination

- Establish the definition itself first.

Generalization to Specification

- This allows you to expand the reach of the

thought that you present in your topic

sentences by giving examples.

Cohesion

- Halliday and Hasan (1975) define it as the

fluid connection of ideas between sentences

and paragraphs.

to stick together

"cohere" means

Cohesion

sticks the ideas in sentences

together to become grammatically and

logically correct.

Discourse materials

- must not only bе organized on the outside

but also be organized from the inside

through a smooth flow of thoughts

Coherence

ideas are connected at the conceptual level

Sequence

- again, also, and, and then, besides, finally,

first, second, third, furthermore, last,

moreover, next, still, too

Time

- after a few days, after a while, afterward, as

long as, as soon as, at last, at that time,

before, earlier, immediately, in the

meantime, in the past, lately, later,

meanwhile, now, presently, simultaneously,

since, so far, soon, then, thereafter, until,

when

Contrast

- although, but, despite, even though,

however, in contrast, in spite of, instead,

nevertheless, nonetheless, on the contrary,

on the one hand...on the other hand,

regardless, still, though, yet.

Examples

- after all, for example, for instance, indeed, in

fact, of course, specifically, such as, the

following example, to illustrate

Cause and Effect

- accordingly, as a result, because,

consequently. for this reason, hence, if... then, since, so, then, therefore, thereupon,

thus, to this end

Place

- above, adjacent to, below, beyond, closer to

elsewhere, far, farther on, here, near, nearby,

opposite to, there, to the left, to the right

Concession (admission or acknowledgment)

- although it is true that, granted that, I admit

that, it may appear that, naturally, of course

Summary, Repetition, or Conclusion

- as a result, as has been noted, as I have said,

as mentioned earlier, as we have seen, in any

event, in conclusion, in other words, in short,

on the whole, therefore, to summarize

Michael Alexander Kirkwood (M.A.K.) Halliday 13

Apr 1925 -15 Apr 2018

British linguist who studied and made known

the concept of cohesion in the English

language in the mainstream in 1976, with

the help of his wife, Indian-born linguist

Ruqaiya Hasan.

Coherence

- This is the connection between the whole

text and the reader.

Coherence

in other words, refers to the

overall sense or quality of a passage.

Connecting old and new information

- What was said then, and what is proven now.

Most effective in writing informative and

argumentative essays, where facts are the

stars of the show.

Contextualization of content

- Connect with your readers by tailor-fitting

your content to their interests.

Meaning-making

- Your readers must be able to make sense of

what you have said.

topic sentence

All your supporting sentences should come from

the_______.

Cohesion

happens because of coherence.

Coherence

occurs when the reader

understands the text because the writer uses

cohesive devices/words that "stick" or connect the

ideas logically together