Chapter 1,2,3 and diagnostic modalities

When were X-rays discovered?

November 8, 1895

Who discovered X-rays?

Wilhelm Röentgen

What type of energy does radiography use?

Electromagnetic energy in the form of X-rays

What do X-rays create that allows a medical image to form?

Ionizations

What can the ionizations from X-rays do besides create an image?

They can harm living tissue

What is essential for competent radiography?

Safe use of electromagnetic energies

What are some exams a radiologic technologist may see in clinic?

General exams, emergency room exams, surgery, fluoroscopy, portable exams, and some unpleasant exams or situations

What is an outpatient?

A patient who has a doctor's order and goes to the hospital for the procedure

What are examples of outpatient exams?

Chest X-ray, foot, and lumbar spine exams

What is an inpatient?

A patient who is staying at the hospital

Who orders an inpatient exam?

The ordering physician at the hospital

Who orders exams for emergency room patients?

The emergency physician

What equipment is used for surgical studies?

A C-arm

When is a portable exam performed?

When the patient is not able to go to the X-ray room

What does fluoroscopy use?

Continuous X-ray

What does cardiovascular interventional (CI) use?

X-rays to visualize human blood vessels and heart anatomy

What is required for cardiovascular interventional procedures?

A catheter and injection of X-ray contrast material

Where are cardiovascular interventional procedures performed?

In a sterile angiography lab

Who do cardiovascular interventional technologists work closely with?

Angiographers

What does mammography use to visualize breast tissue?

X-rays

What equipment does mammography require?

A specially designed X-ray tube and high-resolution digital imaging detectors

What types of mammograms are listed in the slides?

Screening and diagnostic mammograms

What else can radiographers assist with in mammography?

Biopsies

What is a Radiologist Assistant (R.A.)?

An advanced-level radiographer

What can a Radiologist Assistant do?

Perform a wide variety of studies and report clinical observations to the radiologist

What does nuclear medicine use to create medical images?

The nuclear energy of the atom

What type of radiation is used in nuclear medicine?

Gamma radiation

What creates gamma radiation in nuclear medicine?

Radioactive isotopes

What are radiopharmaceuticals used for?

They are administered to patients to assess physiological functioning

What does nuclear medicine technology require?

Advanced education

What does radiation therapy use?

Very-high-energy ionizing radiation

What does radiation therapy treat?

Malignant tumors (cancer)

Who do radiation therapists work with?

Other Oncology Team members

What do medical dosimetrists do in radiation therapy?

Calculate and administer treatment plans

What is bone densitometry also called?

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

What is bone densitometry used to diagnose?

Osteoporosis

What areas are usually measured with bone densitometry?

The spine and hip

What does CT scanning use?

X-ray energy and sophisticated software

What does CT create?

Cross-sectional images of the human body

How does CT acquire views of patient anatomy?

The X-ray tube and CT detector rotate around the patient

How many views can CT acquire?

Hundreds of views of patient anatomy

What do CT technologists have?

Advanced education and training

What type of energy does diagnostic medical sonography use?

High-frequency sound energy

Is diagnostic medical sonography ionizing or non-ionizing?

Non-ionizing

What does diagnostic medical sonography have?

A wide variety of medical applications

What is available for credentialing in medical sonography?

Formal education and training

What does MRI use to create images?

High-strength magnetic fields and radio waves

Is MRI ionizing or non-ionizing?

Non-ionizing

What are some additional radiology opportunities?

Education, administration, and commercial opportunities

What educational positions are listed as additional radiology opportunities?

Program Director, Clinical Coordinator, and Clinical Instructor/Preceptor

What are examples of commercial radiology opportunities?

Sales and technical specialists

Who are some members of the healthcare team?

Physicians, RNs, lab, therapists, and Health Information Services

What is accreditation related to?

Schools and standards

What does JRCERT stand for?

Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology

What is JRCERT concerned with?

Compliance with education standards

What organization is associated with certification and registry?

American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT)

What does ARRT stand for?

American Registry of Radiologic Technologists

What does CE stand for?

Continuing Education

What does CQR stand for?

Continuous Qualification Requirements

What is another requirement listed for maintaining quality in radiology?

State license

What does ASRT stand for?

American Society of Radiologic Technologists

What does ASRT provide?

Career information, exam preparation, study tools, and advocacy of the profession

What does ISRT stand for?

Indiana Society of Radiologic Technologists

What student opportunities does ISRT provide?

Student Intern Program, student trivia night, scientific essay competition, scientific exhibit competition, Quiz Bowl, and scholarships

Why can radiologic sciences education be stressful?

It offers a unique and completely new set of challenges

What are some educational stressors in radiologic sciences?

New technology, clinical experiences, caring for difficult patients, and performing in a high-stress environment

What are some outside sources of stress?

Family, friends, and employers

What is the first step in managing stress?

Recognize stressors

What should you try to do when possible during a stressful situation?

Remove yourself from the stressful situation

What type of attitude is recommended for managing stress?

A positive attitude

Who should you listen to when managing stress?

Close friends and family

What should you find when managing stress?

Balance

When should you review study material?

After it is introduced

What should you plan to improve your studying?

A study schedule

How does attitude affect studying?

Attitude helps remembering

What is critical to effective study skills and test-taking?

Good time management

What should you do to be successful in the program?

Become familiar with other modalities in the hospital

How should you approach professional organizations?

Be motivated and become active in professional organizations

What organizational habits are recommended?

Be organized and don't procrastinate

What attitude is recommended for success?

A positive attitude

What are the three main topics of Chapters 1–3?

Introduction to Imaging and Radiologic Sciences; Professional Organizations; Educational Survival Skills

What are the major student objectives for Chapters 1–3?

Describe the discovery of X-rays; describe imaging department modalities; recognize professional organizations; explain accreditation, certification, and licensure; describe radiation protection measures; analyze what triggers stress; and describe how to manage stress