innate and adaptive immunity

innate immunity

* phagocytes
* macrophage
* neutrophil- most abundant
* basophil
* eosinophil
* mast cell
* natural killer cell
* dendric cell
* natural killer T cell

adaptive immunity

* B cell
* create antibodies
* T cell= CD4+CD8
* helper and memory cell
* antibodies

neutrophils

* bacteria infection

basophils

* allergic reaction
* drug

eosinophils

* parasites
* allergies

lymphocytes

* TB

monocytes

* cr inflammation

leukemia and lymphoma

cause high levels of WBCs

viral infections

WBCs can stay the same or go down

* can then lead to a bacterial infection

cytokines

family of short lived mediators that stimulate the proliferation, differentiation and functional activation of various blood cells

* interleukins
* interferons
* TNF
* chemokines
* colony stimulating factors

antigen

* microbial
* non-microbial
* penicillin

TNF a

* fever inflammation
* activate neutrophils

monocytes transform to

macrophages

macrophages functions

* antigen presentation
* phagocytosis
* immunomodulation through production of various cytokines and growth factors

early response phagocytic cell

macrophages

tagging of antigens

* opsonization
* tag/coat microorganisms for more efficient recognition by phagocytes
* coating substance called opsonin
* IgG and IgM antibodies can coat microbes

IgA

prodominant in the body fluids and breast milk

IgG

only one that can cross the placenta

IgM

early immune response

IgE

parasitic infection and allergies

active immunity

immunization or response to antigen

passive immunity

* immunity transferred from other sources; short term protection last weeks to months
* injection of hyperimmune serum
* inutero transfer of antibodies
* antibodies from mothers milk

vaccination

artificially acquired active immunity

transfer of antibodies from mother to baby

naturally acquired passive immunity

providing a hyperimmune serum of antibodies to a patient

artificially acquired passive immunity

developing immunity to chicken pox after contracting the disease

naturally acquired active immunity