Medical Terminology for Health Professions 8th edition, Chapter 8

or/o, stomat/o

prefix: mouth

odont/i

prefix: teeth

pharyng/o

prefix: pharynx

esophag/o

prefix: esophagus

gastr/o

prefix: stomach

enter/o

prefix: small intestine

col/o, colon/o

prefix: large intestine

an/o, proct/o, rect/o

prefixes: rectum and anus

hepat/o

prefix: liver

cholecyst/o

prefix: gallbladder

pancreat/o

prefix: pancreas

an/o

prefix: anus, ring

chol/e

prefix: bile, gall

-lithiasis

suffix: presence of stones

-pepsia

suffix: digest, digestion

-phagia

suffix: eating, swallowing

sigmoid/o

prefix: sigmoid colon

aerophagia

the condition of swallowing excessive amounts of air, leading to bloating, belching, and gas

anastomosis

a cross-connection surgically made between tubular structures like blood vessels or parts of the intestine

antiemetic

medications used to treat nausea and vomiting

ascites

abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdomen, commonly caused by cirrhosis

bariatrics

the branch of medicine that deals with the study and treatment of obesity

borborygmus

a rumbling or gurgling noise made by the movement of fluid and gas in the intestines

cachexia

weakness and wasting of the body due to severe chronic illness

canker sores

non-contagious, painful sores that appear inside the mouth

celiac disease

a disease in which the small intestine is hypersensitive to gluten, leading to difficulty in digestion

cheilitis

inflammation of the lips

cholangiography

X-ray examination of the bile ducts, used to locate and identify and obstruction

cholangitis

inflammation and infection of the bile ducts

cholecystectomy

a procedure to remove the gallbladder

cholecystitis

inflammation of the gallbladder

cholelithiasis

the presence of stones in the gallbladder, commonly known as gallstones

cirrhosis

a chronic disease of the liver marked by degeneration of cells, inflammation, and fibrous thickening of tissue

colonoscopy

medical procedure to examine the lining of the large intestine

colostomy

a surgical opening into the large intestine that redirects stool through the opening

Crohn’s disease

a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation of the digestive tract

dental prophylaxis

a preventive dental cleaning that includes removal of plaque, tartar, and stains from the teeth

diverticulitis

inflammation of a diverticulum, especially in the colon

diverticulosis

a condition in which diverticula are present in the intestine without sign of inflammation

dyspepsia

a term for recurrent pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen, often after eating

dysphagia

difficulty or discomfort in swallowing

endoscopy

a medical procedure using a flexible tube with a camera to view the inside of a body

enema

a procedure that introduces liquid into the rectum to cleanse the colon, relieve constipation, or deliver medication

enteritis

inflammation of the intestine, especially the small intestine

eructation

medical word for a belch

esophageal varices

enlarged, swollen veins in the esophagus that are a complication of liver disease, most commonly cirrhosis

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

an exam to visualize the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

gastroduodenostomy

a surgical procedure that creates a new connection between the stomach and the duodenum

gastroesophageal reflux disease

a condition in which acidic gastric fluid flows backward into the esophagus

gastroparesis

a condition in which the stomach empties slowly, causing delayed gastric emptying and symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and bloating

gastrostomy tube

a feeding tube inserted directly into the stomach

hematemesis

internal bleeding leading to vomiting

Hemoccult test

a fecal blood test that screens for hidden blood in the stool

hepatitis

inflammation of the liver

hiatal hernia

the protrusion of an organ through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm

hyperemesis

severe or prolonged vomiting

ileus

a condition where the normal contractions of the intestines stop

inguinal hernia

a condition in which abdominal tissue pushes through a weak spot in the muscles of the groin

jaundice

a medical condition characterized by yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, typically caused by obstruction of the bile duct

leukoplakia

a condition characterized by thick, white, or gray patches on the mucous membrane of the mouth

malocclusion

imperfect positioning of the teeth when the jaws are closed

melena

dark sticky feces containing partly digested food

nasogastric intubation

a procedure in which a tube is inserted through the nose, down the esophagus, and into the stomach

obesity

a disease characterized by excessive body fat

palatoplasty

surgical repair of a cleft palate

peptic ulcer disease

an open sore in the stomach or duodenum caused by infection or overuse of NSAIDS like aspirin

peristalsis

movement of a bolus through the digestive tract

polyp

an abnormal growth of tissue that can occur in many parts of the body

proctologist

medical doctor specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting the colon

regurgitation

the spitting up of food from the esophagus or stomach without nausea

salmonellosis

an infection of the salmonella bacteria causing fever, diarrhea, and stomach pains

sigmoidoscopy

a procedure to examine the rectum and lower part of the colon

stomatitis

inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth

trismus

inability to open the mouth to to jaw muscle stiffness, commonly known as lockjaw

ulcerative colitis

chronic inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation and sores in the lining of the large intestine and rectum

volvulus

an obstruction caused by twisting of the stomach or intestine

xerostomia

commonly known as dry mouth, a condition where salivary glands do not produce enough saliva to keep the mouth moist