Chapter 8 VASCULAR SYSTEM

anastomosis

communication between two bld vessels without any intervening capillary network

aneurysm

permanent localized dilatation of artery, 1 1/2 times its normal diameter.

aorta

largest arterial structure in the body, arises from the left ventricle to supply bld to the head,

upper and lower extremities, and abdominal

pelvic cavity and extremities

arteries

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

arteriosclerosis

abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery or arteries

arteriovenous fistula

communication between an artery and a vein

atherosclerosis

condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up on the inner walls of the

arteries

Budd

Chairi syndrome of the liver

cavernous transformation of the portal vein

periportal collateral channels in patients with chronic

portal vein obstruction

common hepatic artery

arises from the celiac trunk to supply the liver

common hepatic artery

arises from the celiac trunk to supply the liver\

common iliac arteries

the abdominal aorta bifurcates at the level of the umbilicus

cystic medial necrosis

weakening of the arterial wall

dissecting aneurysm

tear in the intima or media of the abdominal artery

fusiform aneurysm

circumferential enlargement of a vessel with tapering at both ends

gastroduodenal artery

branch of the common hepatic artery that supplies the stomach and duodenum

hepatic veins

Three large veins that drain the liver and empty into the inferior vena cava at the level of

the diaphragm

hepatofugal

flow away from the liver

hepatopetal

blood flows toward the liver

inferior mesenteric artery

arises from the anterior aortic wall at the level of the third or fourth lumbar

vertebra to supply the left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum

inferior mesenteric vein

drains the left third of the colon and upper colon and joins the splenic vein

inferior vena cava

largest venous abdominal vessel

left gastric artery

arises from the celiac axis to supply the stomach and lower third of the esophagus

left hepatic artery

small branch supplying the caudate and left lobes of the liver

left renal artery

arises from the posterolateral wall of the aorta directly into the hilus of the kidney

left renal vein

leaves the renal hilum and travels anterior to the aorta and posterior to the superior

mesenteric artery to enter the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava

Marfan Syndrome

hereditary disorder of connective tissue, bones, muscles, ligaments, and skeletal

structures

nonresistive

vessels that have a high diastolic component and supply organs that need constant

perfusion (i.e., internal carotid artery, hepatic artery, and renal artery)

portal vein

formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein near the porta

hepatis of the liver

portal venous hypertension

Most commonly results from intrinsic liver disease; however, also results

from obstruction of the portal vein, hepatic veins, inferior vena cava, or prolonged congestive heart

failure; may cause flow reversal to the liver, thrombosis of the portal system, or cavernous

transformation of the portal vein

Pseudoaneurysm

pulsatile hematoma that results from leakage of blood into soft tissues abutting the

punctured artery with fibrous encapsulation and failure of the vessel wall to heal

resisitive

vessels that have little or reversed flow in diastole and supply organs that do not need a

constant blood supply

resistive index

peak systole minus peak diastole divided by peak systole

right gastric artery

supplies the stomach

right hepatic artery (RHA)

supplies the gallbladder via the cystic artery

right renal artery

arises from the posterolateral wall of the aorta and travels posterior to the inferior

vena cava to supply the kidney

right renal vein

leaves the renal hilum to enter the lateral wall of the IVC

saccular aneurysm

localized dilation of the vessel

spectral broadening

increased turbulence is seen within the spectral tracing that indicates flow

disturbance

splenic artery

Arises from the celiac axis to supply the spleen, pancreas, stomach, and greater

omentum

splenic vein

drains spleen

Superior mesenteric artery

arises inferior to the celiac axis to supply the proximal half of the colon and

the small intestine

superior mesenteric vein

drains the proximal half of the colon and small intestine; travels vertically

(anterior to the inferior vena cava) to join the splenic vein to form the portal veins

TIPS

transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

tunica adventitia

outer layer of the vascular system, contains the vasa vasorum

Tunica intima

Inner layer of the vascular system

Tunica Media

Middle layer of the vascular system, veins have thinner tunica media than arteries

Vasa Vasorum

Tiny arteries and veins that supply the walls of blood vessels