Anatomical Terminology & Cell Structure

Flashcards for Anatomical Terminology & Cell Structure Lab

Superior

Above

Inferior

Below

Anterior

Front

Posterior

Back

Ventral

Front

Dorsal

Back

Cranial

Head

Caudal

Tail

Medial

Towards the midline of the body

Lateral

Towards the side of the body

Proximal

Closest to the point of attachment to the torso

Distal

Furthest away from the point of attachment to the torso

Superficial

On the surface

Deep

Deep or inside

Sagittal Plane

Divides body into right and left regions

Median (midsagittal) Plane

Divides body or organ into equal halves

Frontal (coronal) Plane

Divides body into anterior (front) & posterior (back) portions

Transverse (horizontal) Plane

Divides the body into superior (upper) & inferior (lower) portions

Axial Region

Head, neck, & trunk

Thoracic Region

Trunk above diaphragm

Abdominal Region

Trunk below diaphragm

Appendicular Region

Upper & lower limbs

Cranial Cavity

Contains brain, lined with meninges

Vertebral Canal

Contains the spinal cord, lined with meninges

Mitochondria

Organelles specialized for synthesizing ATP

Golgi Apparatus

Synthesizes carbohydrates and puts the finishing touches on protein and glycoprotein synthesis

Centrioles

Play role in cell division

Nucleolus

Function is to transcribe DNA and rewrite it to make ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assemble rRNA into ribosomal subunits

Nucleus

Genetic control center of cell; directs protein synthesis; shelters the DNA

Nuclear Envelope

Regulates molecular traffic through envelope

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Synthesizes steroids and other lipids, detoxifies alcohol and other drugs, manufactures all membranes of the cell

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Produces the phospholipids and proteins of the plasma membrane, synthesizes proteins that are packaged in other organelles or secreted from cell

Cell Membrane

Prevents escape of cell contents; regulates exchange of materials between cytoplasm and extracellular fluid; involved in intercellular communication

Golgi Vesicles

Become secretory vesicles and carry cell products to apical surface for exocytosis, or become lysosomes

Lysosomes

Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion, autophagy, programmed cell death, and glucose mobilization

Peroxisomes

Contain enzymes for detoxification of free radicals, alcohol, and other drugs; oxidize fatty acids

Ribosomes

Interpret the genetic code and synthesize polypeptides

Cytoplasm

The material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus