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8 Terms
1
Strain Theory
A sociological theory by Robert Merton that explains deviance as a result of the tension (strain) between societal goals and the means available to achieve them.
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2
Control Theory
A theory that suggests people refrain from deviance because of their bonds to society (family, education, social institutions), which encourage conformity.
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3
Differential Association Theory
A theory proposed by Edwin Sutherland that suggests individuals learn deviant behavior through interactions with others who engage in deviance.
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4
Labeling Theory
A theory that argues deviance is not inherent in an act but is instead the result of society labeling certain behaviors or individuals as deviant.
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5
Social Control
The mechanisms, strategies, and institutions that societies use to regulate individual behavior and maintain order (e.g., laws, norms, policing).
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6
Social Sanctions
Penalties or rewards used to enforce conformity to social norms (e.g., fines, imprisonment, praise, promotions).
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7
Incarceration
The act of imprisoning individuals as a form of punishment for crimes committed.
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8
Rehabilitation
Efforts to reform criminals so they can return to society as law-abiding citizens.
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