Animal Diversity Flashcards

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Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from an animal diversity lecture.

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35 Terms

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Animals

Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic organisms that obtain nutrients by eating without cell walls.

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Egg and sperm

The entirety of the haploid phase of the animal life cycle.

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O2 increase

Increase in oxygen in the atmosphere that allowed for more animal life.

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Hypothetical common ancestor of animals

A flagellated protist resembling feeding cells of sponges.

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Cambrian Explosion

535-525 MYA; time when numerous fossils give us an idea of what early animals might have been like.

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Animal Phylogeny is

Based on general body structure

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Radial Symmetry

Axis is in the center, any slice to the center creates mirror images.

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Bilateral Symmetry

Only one slice divides the animal into clear left/right mirror images with a defined head.

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Gastrulation

Developmental process where cells rearrange

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Three Germ Layers

Ectoderm, Mesoderm, and Endoderm.

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Acoelomate

No body cavity

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Coelomate

Complete coelom surrounded by mesoderm

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Pseudocoelomate

Partial coelom

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Larvae

Immature animals that look different from adults.

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Metamorphosis

Dramatic change in body form.

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Invertebrates

Animals without backbones; 95% of the animal kingdom.

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Phylum Porifera (Sponges)

Stationary animals with no nerves or muscles that are aquatic feeders.

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Suspension feeders

Collect particles from H2O (water).

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Sponges

Filter 10,000x their volume in a day

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Choanocytes

Flagellated feeding cells in sponges.

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Phylum Cnidaria (jellies, sea anemone, corals)

Have tissues, are radially symmetrical, mostly marine, and have only endo- and ectoderm.

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Polyp

Stationary body form of cnidarians.

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Medusa

Floating body form of cnidarians.

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Cnidocytes

Function in defense and prey capture in cnidarians.

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Phylum Mollusca (snails, slugs, oysters, clams, etc.)

Soft-bodied invertebrates, but often protected by shells, feed with a radula, and have a similar body plan.

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The 'HAM'

Hypothetical ancestral mollusc's body plan

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Mollusks display many similar groups like

Visceral mass , Mantle, and Muscular foot

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Gastropods

Developmental twist which lowers the center of gravity. Head can retreat quickly into shell during attacks.

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Bivalves

Clams, scallops, oysters, mussels: foot acts as a digging tool; no radula - filter feeding; head reduced or nonexistent.

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Cephalopods

Nautilus, squid, octopus: highly modified body & tentacles and 'head' both derived from foot; very active, mobile, agile; intelligent, good vision, highly predatory.

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Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms, planaria

Simple, bilaterally symmetrical acoelomates

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Hermaphroditic

Often has both male and female sex organs

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Tapeworms - major type of flatworm

Parasites of vertebrates; no gut - absorbs nutrients from host; head modified as a holding organ.

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Phylum Nematoda

Roundworms that are parasitic and cause disease in plants and animals and important decomposers.

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Phylum Annelida (earthworms, leeches, etc.)

Segmented coelomates with a complete digestive tract and internal structures are repeated