Types of Long Term Memory

These flashcards cover the key concepts and details related to the types of long-term memory, memory processes, and factors affecting memory encoding as discussed in the lecture.

What are the two main types of declarative memory?

Episodic memory and semantic memory.

What does episodic memory involve?

Recall of personal experiences and events.

What does semantic memory refer to?

Knowledge of facts and information.

What is an example of procedural memory?

Knowing how to ride a bicycle.

What is the effect of spacing on memory encoding?

Spaced presentations lead to better long-term retention than massed presentations.

What is the generation effect in memory?

Material you can generate yourself is easier to remember.

What does the remember/know procedure help distinguish?

It distinguishes between episodic and semantic memory.

What is the isolation effect?

Distinctive items are better remembered than non-distinctive ones.

What is the significance of the autobiographical interview?

It assesses the richness and detail of episodic memories.

What impact does aging have on episodic memory?

Older adults may lose vivid episodic details over time.

How does semantic memory differ from episodic memory?

Semantic memory is not tied to personal experience or specific timing.

What types of cues can trigger recollection?

Contextual cues, feelings, and facts.

What does the cued recall test require?

Participants to recall information based on given cues.

How falls under explicit memory?

Both episodic and semantic memory.

What does the term 'depth of processing' refer to?

The extent to which incoming information is processed deeply and meaningfully.

Why might younger adults report more episodic details than older adults?

Aging-related decline affects the richness of episodic memories.

What is the outcome of the recall test?

Participants report whatever they can retrieve from memory.

What is the central feature of autobiographical memory?

Involvement and personal recollection of past events.

What role do cues play in episodic memory?

Cues can trigger memories related to specific events.

What is a paired-associate test used to assess?

It assesses the strength of memory associations.

What sort of memory is required for the free association test?

Quick retrieval of words based on associative networks.

Why is meaningfulness important in memory encoding?

More meaningful material is encoded better than less meaningful.

How does the serial position effect influence recall?

Early and late items in a list are remembered better than those in the middle.

What is the method of loci?

A mnemonic device that involves visualizing items in specific locations.

How can imagery improve memory?

Visualizing material can enhance recall.

What is the significance of immediate versus delayed tests in learning?

Spaced practice shows advantages in retention over time.

What types of information can episodic memory be?

Personal and context-specific.

What defines procedural memory?

Memory for skills and tasks that are performed automatically.

What two factors greatly affect memory encoding?

Depth of processing and meaningfulness.

How does remembering the past relate to imagining the future?

Both may rely on similar episodic memory processes.

What type of memory is impaired in amnesia?

Declarative memories.

What is the role of conditioning in memory?

Learning associations between stimuli and responses.

What is priming in the context of memory?

Increased likelihood of recalling a word after recent exposure.

What is meant by 'consciously accessible' memory?

You are aware of what you know.

What are two tests used to assess memory retrieval?

Recall tests and recognition tests.

What does recognition testing assess?

Whether people can recognize a previously encountered stimulus.

What type of memory is tested by the autobiographical interview methodology?

Episodic memory.

What does a free recall test typically involve?

Participants report as much as they can remember.

How can memory details change over time?

Older declarative memories can become more semantic-like.

What is an important finding from autobiographical studies?

Vivid details may fade while the essence of the memory persists.

How is episodic memory characterized?

Linked to specific times and places of events.

What are the characteristics of context cues in memory?

They aid recall by providing situational reminders.

What does 'skill learning' refer to in memory psychology?

Acquiring procedural knowledge through practice.

In what ways can memory encoding be improved?

Using techniques like spacing, meaningfulness, and imagery.

What is the effect of the order of presented information on memory?

Items presented early (primacy effect) and late (recency effect) are more likely to be remembered.