ch 1: trends and issues

ob wk 1

social determinants of health

do they have the resources (finances, transportation, access to healthy food)

gender affirming care

tell them to be active

main social determinants for pregnancy

malnutrition and obesity

preterm birth

born birth

if they're born before 36 weeks: the earlier the more severe the complications

how many weeks for term (normal) birth

> or equal to 37 wks

infant mortality

death within the first year of life

maternal death

w/in 42 days of delivery

what are the leading causes of infant mortality in the US?

congenital malformations and chromosomal abnormalities

maternal mortality

black women have a higher risk of maternal death than white or hispanic women

social determinants of health

teen pregnancy

implications: lack of education, poverty and income disparities

can have adverse long term effects

tobacco and e-cig use in pregnancy

causes birth defects, and danger to development

vasoconstrictors → lack of circulation and nutrients thru placenta → affects bw

health danger to both the pregnant woman and her fetus and can adversely affect the developing fetal brain and lungs.

substance abuse in pregnancy

use during pregnancy can have a profound effect on the developing fetus and the health of the neonate

congenital defects

FAD, stillbirth, preterm, birth defects, abruptio placenta

overweight and obesity

risk to mother and infants — birth defects

they do not labor well: need c section — infection risk bc of fat

HTN, DM, poor healing after birth

(address social determinants of health)

violence wyd and chances

must report!

all women should be screened, provide counseling

1/6 pregnant women experience intimate partner violence before/during pregnancy

what maternal health conditions are associated with maternal obesity?

gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and c section

lqbtqia+ care

higher rate in miscarriages, preterm birth, low birth weight, stillbirth in bi/lesbian women

discrimination by health care providers (50%!)

racism and discrimination

women of color experience racism and discrimination that negatively affect maternal and infant outcomes

health care providers and RN exhibit bias toward poc that leads to poorer outcomes

gestational pregnancy

35 years and older