FINAL REVISION UNIT 8A

how was the situation of germany in 1914?

germans were proud

, the kaiser was good

and it had the best army worldwide

what was the situation of germany in 1918?

the army was defeated, no food and a flu epidemic

what was the social impact in germaany after ww1? (social affected by$)

difference between rich and poor, and owners made money butn not the workers of their factories.

what was the economic impact in germaany after ww1?

less income nationally, there was $ used on widoes and orphans, less industrial producton and shortage of food

what was the political impact in germaany after ww1?

fighting between left and right

what did the allies offern germany in 1918?

peace under conditions, germany to be democratic and the kaiser to abdicate

did the kaiser want to abdicate in 1918? what happened?

no, so there was a german revolution that was succeful (he abdicated) and ebert became chancellor

what did ebert first do as a chancellor?

signed the armistice with allies, introduced reforms like working 8hours, and made new constitution

after a new constitution, what did ebert do and what happened'

he made the fisrt democratic elections and was president of the weimar republic

BY 1918, HOW SEVERELY HAD GERMANY’S NATIONAL INCOME DROPPED COMPARED TO 1913?

ONETHIRD. THIS MEANT THAT THE NATION WAS VIRTUALLY BANKRUPT AND UNABLE TO MEET THE BASIC NEEDS OF ITS CITIZENS

WHAT WAS THE SPECIFIC COST OF WAR PENSIONS BY 1925?

THE STATE WAS SPENDING ONETHIRD OF ITS ENTIRE BUDGET ON PENSIONS. THIS MEANT THAT GERMANY HAD 600,000 WIDOWS AND 2 MILLION CHILDREN WITHOUT FATHERS, CREATING A PERMANENT DRAIN ON THE WEIMAR ECONOMY

WHY DID THE KIEL MUTINY MATTER?

IT TRIGGERED THE GERMAN REVOLUTION BY SHOWING THE KAISER HAD LOST THE LOYALTY OF THE NAVY/ARMY.

WHY WAS THE "STAB IN THE BACK" MYTH DEADLY FOR WEIMAR?

IT BLAMED THE NEW DEMOCRATIC POLITICIANS FOR GERMANY'S DEFEAT, MAKING THEM "NOVEMBER CRIMINALS.

WHY DID ARTICLE 48 MAKE THE CONSTITUTION WEAK?

IT GAVE THE PRESIDENT THE LEGAL POWER TO BYPASS THE REICHSTAG AND RULE AS A DICTATOR.

what did the success of weimar republic depend on?

Constitution and german people

why did weimar republic depend on constitution?

to be as democratic a s possible and represent many different groups

why did weimar republic depend on german people?

if they would try to accept to go from autocratic system into a democratic one

what was the overall suport of the constituiotn and german people on weimar republic?

not good and they had opposition from left and right

how was the opposition of the left wing to weimar republic?

communists who wanted a communist revolution like in russia

how was the opposition of the right wing to weimar republic?

the kaisers advisers remained, people wanted the kaiser back, and felt loike ebert was a stab in the back to germany

what were the new point on the constitution on weimar republic?

presiden instead of kaiser,

germany divided into states with goverments,

+20yo could vote,

elections every 7 years,

in crisis they had emergency powers,

to pass new laws 1/2 of reichstag

and all parties had seats there

how was the left wing political party in weimar republic?

supported weirmar, wanted a greater equality in society by distributing walth or reforms

how was the far left political party in weimar republic?

opposed to weimar, they were communists who wanted a worker revolution

how was the right wing political party in weimar republic?

wanted to conserve capitalism and privilege to elite families

how was the far right political party in weimar republic?

anti weimar nationalists, wanted a strong goverment and army, they were anto communists racists and anti semitic

WHY DID THE PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION SYSTEM DIRECTLY CAUSE THE COLLAPSE OF WEIMAR DEMOCRACY?

PR ALLOWED 28 DIFFERENT PARTIES TO WIN SEATS, PREVENTING ANY SINGLE PARTY FROM GAINING A MAJORITY. THIS MEANT THAT GERMANY WAS RULED BY WEAK COALITIONS (7 CHANCELLORS BETWEEN 19191923) THAT COLLAPSED UNDER PRESSURE, LEADING TO PERMANENT POLITICAL INSTABILITY

who were the spartacists and what did they want?

from the left, luxemburg and liebknecht, they wanted a germany ruled by workers and soviets

were did spartacists set up? did they have enemies?

in towns, allied with soliders and sailors, the had tension with freikorps, anticommunists.

what did ebert do between freikorps and spartactsits? what was the result?

made an agreement to stop the tension, freikorps won, happened the same after, and then too in an industrial area; freikorps 3 vs spartacists 0= eberts decisions were hated and liked

who were in the right side not supporting ebert'

ppl who resented the new germany and hated the treaty of versailles

what did kapp organise? what was the result and name of event?

freikorps to make rebellion, everything would be a disaster so industrial german people helped and kapp scaped germany= KAPP PUTSCH

what was the putsch that hitler led? the result?

MUNICH PUTSCH, as ebert struggled with political violence, he led a rebellion in munich, he got a prison sentence

what was the result for germany with the treaty of versailles?

germany lost land, population, industries and army, and had to pay reparations after war which all was very expensive. it was an injustice but ebert had to do it

what were the 3 economic chaos germany had after the treaty of versailles?

reparations, occupation of the ruhr, hyperinlfatoin

what were the reparations aftere the treaty of versailles?

they had to pay to allies, which was practically impossible 6,6 billion

what happened with the ruhr after the treaty of versailles?

they couldnt pay to reparations, asked for more time, frenchs didnt want to wait, so they went to the rurh (industrial area) and took $ as raw materials and killed workers = a colpase of the german currency

what was the hyperinflation after the treaty of versailles?

the goverment started to print money, to pay debts. $ got worthless because there were no goods

who was most afected with hyperinflation and the treaty of versailles?

the middle class because their lifesaving were now worthless, they sttoped supporting weimar

what was the result of the economic chaos of the treaty of versailles? what was the solution? when?

a disaster, stresemann took over 1923, with a new currency RENTENMARK, and negotiated the loans and reparations DAWES PLAN , which solved the economic chaos

Wo led the german workers party?

Drexler

Who joined the German Workers' Party?

Hitler

What has drexler seen about hitler? WHAT DID HE PUT HIM IN CHARGE OF?

He had talent, in charge of propaganda and political

In 1920 what did the German workers party published?

A programme, and they renamed as nazis

What did hitler do to dexler?

He removed him as a. Leader, and attracted ppl

What did hitler put blame | scapegoats on?

Allies,treaty of Versailles, communists and Jewish

What happened with hitlers meetings?

Were so good opponents disrupted the, he hired. Stormtroopers t protects them and disrupt the other ones

What did hitler think in 1923? about weimar

It was the time o get over the Weimar government which was in crisis and streseman canceled the resistance in the Ruhr

What did Hitler do to get over the Weimar government? this was?

Entered to a meeting and said he was taking over the garment of bavaria. And stormtroopers were taking over official buildings START OF MUNICH PUTSCH

What was the result of the attempt of taking over the Weimar government?

The police rounded them and the rebellion was in chaos, Hitler scaped: FAILED

Was was the end of the Munich putsch? what happened to nazis and hitñer?

Nazis were humiliated and they had less support, at court. Hitler publicised himself and his prison sentence was cut from life to 5 YEARS

Did Hitler stayed the whole time estimated on jail? Why?

From 5 years he only stayed 9 months, because he had support from the legal system

What was hitlers prison productivity? Brief

He wrote a book, and had a conclusion thought

What was the book mein kampf about?

Presented and clarified ideas for the future of Germany

What whee the conclusion thoughts?

Power won't come by force, they need to go by the democratic system and once in power they destroy that system

What did Hitler copy from communists?

HE SAW THAT THEY WERE GETTING STRONGER WITH YOUTH ORGANISATIONS

WHAT WAS THE NNAME OF THE youth organisation from hitler? Effect on reichstag?

Hitler youth. They got seats. Their quantity was a quarter of communists

Who did nazis wanted to get attention from?

Workers, but. They liked communists and socialists, they felt. They were good with Weimar

Who did naps get attention from without seeking?

Peasant farmers, middle class and conservatives {did not like the freedoms weimar}

How did nazis use the benefit of having peasants on their side?

They were more important, a pure German race, who would receive help once in power. And that their lifestyle was better than city life bc of Jewish.

From which side was the 2nd president of the Weimar Republic? Who?

Stresemann was from the right wing

What were the upgrades between Ebert and stresemann

A wider support and more skills

On which catgories do achievements and problems divide onto?

Economy politics culture and foreign policy

WHat were stresemann's achivments on economy?

Dawes plan gave more reparation time: loans. To business and public works:more jobs. And it got to the second bets production country.: higher living standard

WHat were stresemann's Problems on economy?

There was inequality: unemployments the einners where big business and landowners and the losers where peasants farmers, who produced to much at war and now thy dont sell it.

What did the peasant farmer think about the inequality in economy?

That they offered them little

WHat were stresemann's Achievements on politics?

It was stable with no revolutions and axis got less seats on elections

WHat were stresemann's Problems on politics?

That biz sand communists were quiet, to defeated: building up. And the new elected president was anti democratic

WHat were stresemann's Achievements on culture?

Avowed. Free expresión { specially showed on cities}

WHat were stresemann's Problems on culture?

Villages and towns didn't like the free expresión, hate Americans and Jewish. The Warner Vogel movements was a want for a return to simple values

What's the relationship tween the wandervogel movement and the. Nazis?

They used that strong feeling then

WHat were stresemann's Achievements on foreign policy?

Ack to the League of Nations, he changed some points of the treaty, specifically about borders

WHat were stresemann'sProblems on foreign policy?

Nationalists didn't lie coming back to the league because it seemed like the accepted the treaty.

WHY WAS THE DAWES PLAN (1924) BOTH A "MIRACLE" AND A "FATAL TRAP" FOR THE GERMAN ECONOMY?

IT INJECTED 800 MILLION MARKS IN US LOANS TO REBUILD INDUSTRY, BUT STRESEMANN WARNED GERMANY WAS "DANCING ON A VOLCANO." THIS MEANT THAT PROSPERITY WAS TOTALLY DEPENDENT ON AMERICAN MONEY; ONCE THE 1929 CRASH HIT, THE WITHDRAWAL OF LOANS CAUSED AN IMMEDIATE ECONOMIC COLLAPSE

WHY DID HITLER’S TRIAL FOR THE MUNICH PUTSCH (1923) TURN A MILITARY DEFEAT INTO A POLITICAL TRIUMPH?

HITLER USED THE 24DAY TRIAL AS A NATIONWIDE MICROPHONE TO BROADCAST HIS IDEAS TO ALL GERMANS. THIS MEANT THAT THE FAILURE OF FORCE (16 NAZIS KILLED) TRIGGERED THE "LEGAL REVOLUTION" STRATEGYNAZIS WOULD NOW DESTROY DEMOCRACY FROM WITHIN USING ELECTIONS

WHY WAS THE RECOVERY OF THE "GOLDEN YEARS" (1924–29) REJECTED BY RURAL PEASANTS AND THE LOWER MIDDLE CLASS?

WHILE CITIES BOOMED, PEASANTS FACED OVERPRODUCTION AND FALLING PRICES, WHILE THE MIDDLE CLASS HAD LOST THEIR LIFE SAVINGS TO HYPERINFLATION (201BN MARKS FOR BREAD). THIS MEANT THAT THESE GROUPS FELT ABANDONED BY THE REPUBLIC, CREATING A VULNERABLE ELECTORATE FOR THE NAZIS TO EXPLOIT LATER