LD birth-5 mid term

Social Communication Disorder

A neurodevelopmental communication disorder that affects verbal and nonverbal communication skills in speaking and writing.

Characteristics of Social Communication Disorder

Difficulties with use of verbal and nonverbal communication for social purposes in speaking and writing.

Deficits in Social Communication Disorder

Includes communication for social purposes, modifying communication, following rules for conversation and narration, understanding abstract, figurative, ambiguous language, and understanding what is not specifically stated.

Inappropriate Greetings

A characteristic of Social Communication Disorder where individuals may not greet others appropriately.

Lack of Flexibility

A characteristic of Social Communication Disorder where individuals show inflexibility in communication.

Difficulty Producing and Comprehending Narratives

A characteristic of Social Communication Disorder where individuals struggle with storytelling and understanding stories.

Awkward Communication

A characteristic of Social Communication Disorder where communication is perceived as uncomfortable or clumsy.

Poor Communication Repair

A characteristic of Social Communication Disorder where individuals have difficulty fixing misunderstandings in conversation.

Inadequate Use of Verbal and Nonverbal Signals

A characteristic of Social Communication Disorder where individuals do not effectively use verbal and nonverbal cues.

Developmental Language Disorder (DLD)

Defined by what they are not, with no obvious cause and a strong indicator of the disorder in the future.

Predictive Factors for DLD

Five predictive factors include late language emergence, maternal education level, Apgar score, birth order, and biological sex.

Behavior Problems in DLD

Children with DLD could have behavior problems, problems with peers, emotional difficulties, and socio-emotional functioning.

Language Development in DLD

Children begin using single words and combine them at a later age.

School Age Challenges in DLD

School age children with DLD have difficulty detecting regularities in language, segmentation, and fast mapping.

Areas of Language Deficits

Include pragmatics, semantics, and syntax/morphology.

Pragmatics Deficits

Deficits in recognizing and expressing emotions, theory of mind, and conversational behavior.

Semantics Deficits

Often include vocabulary disorders, fast mapping difficulties, and the relationship between executive function and word learning.

Syntax/Morphology Deficits

Involve comprehension and production of complex syntax being restricted, with errors in verb endings and pronouns.

Difference Between ASD and SCD

ASD has difficulties with social and behavior, whereas SCD is usually social only and DLD is usually language only.

Repetitive Behaviors in ASD

Usually with ASD, there are repetitive behaviors and strong interests shown, which are not characteristics of SCD or DLD.

Information Processing Model

Describes the process as Input -> sensory memory -> attention -> working memory -> encoding -> long term memory.

Four Steps of Information Processing

Attention, discrimination/perception, organization, and memory/retrieval.

Generalization in Learning

Application of learned material to new contexts.

Working Memory

Where information is held while it is processed.

Executive Function

Determines cognitive resources needed.

Bilingual Language Disorder vs. Difference

In different languages, different language patterns present due to a lack of/non-use of patterns, which may not indicate a disorder but simply a difference.

Standard Deviation (SD) Calculation

100 - standard score divided by 15

Presymbolic Communication

Actions, facial expressions, gestures, sounds to express needs or wants

Example of Presymbolic Communication

Crying when hungry

Symbolic Communication

Words, signs, or pictures to represent things, ideas, or people

Example of Symbolic Communication

Saying 'milk' to ask for a drink

Biggest Myth of AAC

It requires prerequisites and limits communication

Gestalt Language Processing

Typically when children memorize in scripts or chunks

Echolalia

Repeating words or phrases that can sometimes be immediate or delayed and is not always tied to development

Dynamic Assessment Process

Describe child's communication abilities, relate those abilities to partners in family environments, identify the child's responses to various prompts, discover intervention techniques, test -> teach -> retest

Functions of Communication - Request Object/Activity

'want bubbles', 'Can I have bubbles please?'

Functions of Communication - Request Repetition

'more', 'want more bubbles'

Functions of Communication - Request Assistance

'help', 'need help'

Functions of Communication - Gain Attention

'teacher', 'Mr. and Mrs.', mom, dad

Functions of Communication - Deny or Express Dislike

'no', 'stop', 'I don't want that', 'no thank you'

Social Communication Disorder (SCD)

A disorder characterized by difficulties in social communication

Distinguishing Language Difference from Disorder

Clinicians can distinguish between a language difference (such as bilingual influence) and a language disorder

Bilingual Language Pattern Example

A pattern that might be mistaken for a disorder

Characteristics of Social Communication Difficulties

Three characteristics or behaviors that might indicate a child has difficulties with social communication

Neurodevelopmental Communication Disorder

Social Communication Disorder is considered a neurodevelopmental communication disorder influenced by early brain development

Key deficits of SCD

Inappropriate greetings, poor communication repair strategies, and difficulty communicating with peers.

Comparison of SCD, DLD, and Autism Spectrum Disorder

SCD impairs communication, DLD impairs language understanding, and Autism Spectrum Disorder includes repetitive behaviors and strong interests.

Pragmatics in DLD

Difficulty reading or understanding others' emotions.

Semantics in DLD

Difficulty with fast mapping.

Syntax/Morphology in DLD

Errors with verb endings or pronouns.

Attention in Information Processing Model

Automatic activation of the brain.

Discrimination in Information Processing Model

The ability to identify stimuli from competing stimuli.

Organization in Information Processing Model

Categorize and store for later retrieval.

Memory in Information Processing Model

Retrieval of stored information.

Generalization in language learning

The key to the outcome of the Information Processing Model.

Bilingual child language patterns

Omitting final consonants and trilling their /r/ should be considered a difference rather than a disorder.

Verifying language patterns

Clinicians can verify language patterns through assessment and observation.

Executive function in language learning

Plays a role in language learning and communication.

Working memory in language learning

Affects classroom performance when weak.

Communicative functions

Examples include requesting, commenting, and protesting.

Pragmatics

The social aspect of language, which includes communication deficits such as poor topic maintenance and understanding jokes.

Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)

A method of communication that is often misunderstood, with myths suggesting prerequisites that impair language emergence.

Bilingual Language Patterns

Patterns such as omitting final consonants and trilling /r/ in a bilingual child learning English, which should be considered a difference rather than a disorder.

Difficulty Reading Emotions

A behavior that can indicate social communication challenges, impacting peer interactions.

Poor Communication Repair Strategies

A behavior that may signify difficulties in social communication, affecting classroom participation.

Topic Maintenance

A communication skill where a child struggles to stay on topic during conversations, indicative of Social Communication Disorder.

Understanding Jokes

A pragmatic skill that may be lacking in children with Social Communication Disorder.

Adjusting Speech for Listeners

The ability to modify communication style based on the audience, often impaired in children with Social Communication Disorder.

Research Verification for Language Patterns

Clinicians can verify language patterns through reference charts and research available online.

Functional Communication Skills

Skills taught in speech therapy that must be generalizable to prevent communication impairment.