AP World History Review: 1200-1450

Flashcards reviewing key vocabulary and concepts from a World History lecture.

Filial Piety

Emphasized the necessity and virtue of children obeying and honoring their parents, grandparents, and deceased ancestors.

Neo-Confucianism

A revival of Confucianism that sought to rid Confucian thought of the influence of Buddhism during the Tang Dynasty.

confucianism

a philosophy that taught human society is hierarchical by nature, which is to say, there is a prescribed and proper order to everything

Imperial Bureaucracy

A government entity arranged in a hierarchical fashion that carries out the will of the emperor; grew in scope during the Song Dynasty.

Civil Service Examination (Song Dynasty)

An exam based on Confucian classics required for eligible men to obtain jobs in the bureaucracy, implying jobs were earned on merit.

Four Noble Truths

The core teachings of Buddhism: life is suffering, suffering comes from craving, ceasing craving ceases suffering, and the Eightfold Path leads to the cessation of suffering.

Theravada Buddhism

A branch of Buddhism that confined practice to monks and monasteries, focused on individual enlightenment.

Mahayana Buddhism

A branch of Buddhism that encouraged broader participation, with bodhisattvas helping others achieve enlightenment.

Champa Rice

A type of rice that matured early, resisted drought, and could be harvested multiple times a year, contributing to population growth in Song China.

Abbasid Caliphate

An ethnically Arab caliphate centered in Baghdad that lost power by 1200, leading to the rise of new Turkic-dominated Islamic political entities.

Seljuk Empire

An empire established in Central Asia by Turkic pastoralists who took power from the Abbasids in the 11th century.

Sharia Law

A set of principles and laws that were established by Turkic Empires

Bhakti Movement

An innovation on traditional polytheistic Hinduism; emphasized devotion to one Hindu god and challenged social and gender hierarchies.

Aztec Empire

Founded in 1345 by the Meshika people, with its capital city Tenochtitlan; created an elaborate system of tribute states.

Mit'a System

A system used by the Inca Empire that required all people under their rule to provide labor on state projects.

Swahili Civilization

Politically independent states deeply influenced by Muslim traders, leading to the emergence of the Swahili language and increased integration into the Islamic world.

Feudalism

A system of allegiances between powerful lords, monarchs, and knights predominant in Europe, where vassals received land for military service.

Manorialism

A system in Europe where land (manors) was owned by a lord and rented to peasants (serfs) who worked the land in exchange for protection.