Global Politics Unit 1.2 – Power in Global Politics

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22 vocabulary flashcards summarising the main power-related concepts, types and theories discussed in pages 36-43 of the Global Politics Unit 1.2 lecture notes.

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22 Terms

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Power (in global politics)

The ability of an actor to influence other actors and achieve desired outcomes.

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Hard Power

The use or threat of military or economic force—coercion, inducements, sanctions—to change another actor’s behaviour.

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Soft Power

The ability to shape preferences through attraction, negotiation, culture, values and institutions rather than force.

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Smart Power

A strategic combination of hard and soft power resources to obtain optimal results.

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Structural Violence

Human-made social structures that prevent people from reaching their full potential; institutionalised social injustice.

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Structural Power

Power to shape the frameworks—political, economic, security, knowledge—within which other actors must operate.

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Relational Power

Power of Actor A to get Actor B to do something B would not otherwise do, often described in first, second and third ‘faces’ of power.

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First Face of Power

Visible use of threats or rewards by A to make B change behaviour against B’s preferences; B is aware of the pressure.

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Second Face of Power

A controls the decision-making agenda, limiting the strategic options open to B; B may be unaware of this control.

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Third Face of Power

A shapes B’s basic beliefs and perceptions so that B accepts or does not notice A’s influence; often cultural/ideological.

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Cultural Hegemony

Gramsci’s idea that ruling groups secure consent by making their worldview appear natural through education, religion, law, etc.

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Cultural Power

Ability to shape knowledge, beliefs, art, morals and customs within or across societies.

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Military Power

Use or threat of armed force to coerce, deter or protect; includes war, alliances and coercive diplomacy.

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Economic Power

Use of payments, aid, sanctions or bribes to induce or coerce other actors; leverage derived from economic capability.

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Dependency Theory

Perspective that core (centre) countries benefit from and perpetuate the economic dependence of periphery countries.

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Post-colonial Society

A society in a formerly colonised country that still experiences the legacies and impacts of colonialism.

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Power Over

A domination relationship where one actor decisively controls another; easily obtained but easily abused.

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Power With

Collective power arising from alliances or group action toward a common goal; requires cooperation and partnership.

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Power Within

Internal empowerment whereby an individual or group gains self-confidence and agency through a transformative process.

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Power To

Capacity of an actor to bring about an outcome or resist change—focuses on ability rather than domination.

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Intersectional Solidarity

Mutual support among differently oppressed groups who unite to challenge overlapping systems of power.

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Coercive Diplomacy

Foreign policy strategy that combines threats or limited force with negotiation to influence another state.