chapter 1 Iran

Absolute distance

Distance measures in a straight line

Absolute location

The coordinates of a place (n/s or e/w)

Cartographer

A person who makes maps

Circle of latitude

Imaginary circle that connects places with the same latitude. Also known as a parallel

eastern longitude

Distance from prime meridian, measured to the East. Indicated by the letter E

Elevation

The location of a region measured in metres above or below sea level. Also called altitude

Elevation zone

Zone in a mountain range where certain types of vegetation grow. Also called altitude zone

Emigration surplus

When there are more people moving away from an area than moving into it

Equator

Imaginary line dividing the earth into two halves: the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere

External migration

Moving from on country to an another

General map

Map that shows the geography of an area: cities, rivers, seas, mountains, roads and railways

Generalization

Leaving out certain details when making a map

Geography

The study of different parts of the earth

High latitude

Part of the Earths surface that is far from the equator (over 60 degrees)

High mountain range

Mountain range with peaks that are higher than 1,500 m

Hills

Area with an elevation between 200 and 500 m

Internal migration

Moving to another part of the same country

Latitude

Distance in degrees from the equator

Legend

Explanation of the colours and symbols used on a map

Longitude

Distance in degrees from the prime meridian

Lowland

Area with an elevation lower than 200m

Low latitude

Part of the earths surface that is near the equator (les than 30 degrees)

Low mountain range

Mountain range with peaks between 500 and 1,500 m

Map

A scale drawing of an area/region

Map reading

Understanding what you see on a map. Map reading requires four tools: the title, the legend, the scale and the northern arrow

Meridian

Imaginary circle dat connects places with the same longitude

Migration

When people leave their homes to live somewhere else

Northern hemisphere

The upper half of the earth

Northern latitude

Latitude in the northern hemisphere. Indicated by the letter N

North Pole

The northernmost point on earth

Parallel

See circle of latitude

Perpetual snow

Snow that never melts

Population density

the average number of people per square km (km2).

Population distribution

How the people spread across a country or region

Prime meridian

The line of longitude that runs through Greenwich (near Londen)

Relative distance

Distance measured in travel time

Relief

Differences in elevation in a landscape

Scale

Shows how much smaller an area on a map is

Scale level

The level of detail you choose when you look at the world: local regional national continental or global

Social population growth

Change in the number of people living in a area as a result of migration

Southern hemisphere

The lower half of the earth

Southern latitude

Latitude in the southern hemisphere. Indicated by the letter S

South Pole

The southernmost point on earth

Street map

A map of a neighbourhood, town, city that shows the streets and buildings located there

Thematic

A map that focuses on one aspect of an area, such as climate

Time zone

Area on earth that uses the same standard time

Western longitude

Distance from the prime meridian, measured to the west. Indicated by the letter W

Zooming in

Taking a closer look at a certain area; moving from a wide view to an focused view

Zooming out

Enlarging an area; moving from a focused view to a wider view