X-ray Production

X-ray Tube

Safest means of generating x-ray.

Filament Procuring Cup

(Cathode) Surface of electrons within x-ray tube; 2mm diameter  & 1 cm tungsten wire.

Filament Procuring Cup

(Cathode) Connected to both high & low voltage electrical sources.

Filament Procuring Cup

(Cathode) When it is heated to incandescence, electrons are emitted.

Focusing Cup

(Cathode) Negatively charged concave reflector made of molybdenum.

Focusing Cup

(Cathode) Focuses electrons produced by filament to a narrow beam towards anode (+).

Focal Spot

(Focusing Cup) It is the primary target in anode.

74

Atomic number of tungsten target.

Copper Stem

(Anode) Large black of copper. Reduce risk of melting the target.

Copper Stem

(Anode) Dissipate heat from the tungsten target.

Filament - Electrons

(Step) 1.  Low voltage current (mA) passes through the ________ heating it up causing it to release _________.

Cathode - Anode

(Step) 2. High vol (kVp) is applied between (2).

Voltage - Anode

(Step) 3. _______ creates an electric field that accelerates the emitted electrons toward _____ target at high speeds.

Tungsten Target

(Step) 4. High speed electrons collide w/ ________ ______ in the anode.

Heat - X-ray

(Step) 5. Interaction suddenly decelerates electrons producing 99% ____ 1% x-____.

Bremsstrahlung

Primary source of x-ray photons. Produced by sudden stopping or slowing.

Periapical View (Type I)

(Intraoral) Records crowns, roots, surrounding bone.

Size 0

(Periapical) Size for small children (22 x 35 mm).

Size 1

(Periapical) Size for anterior teeth (24x40mm).

Size 2

(Periapical) Standard-film size for adults (30.5 x 40.5mm).

Bite-wing View (Type II)

(Intraoral) Records crown part of both max & mandibular in one image.

Bite-wing View (Type II)

(Intraoral) Detecting interproximal caries. Evaluate alveolar bone height.

Bite-wing View (Type II)

(Intraoral) Uses a paper tab in the middle.

Size 0

(Bitewing) Size for children.

Size 2

(Bitewing) Size for adults.

Size 4

(Occlusal) More than 3x larger than size 2.

Occlusal View (Type lll)

(Intraoral) Whole occlusal view of the maxilla or mandible.

Occlusal View (Type lll)

(Intraoral) Examine the area in and around the jaw that can’t be seen in other radiographs.

Emulsion

(Dental Film) Sensitive to x-ray invisible light. Records radiographic image.

Base

(Dental Film) 0-10. Supporting materials. Where emulsion is attached/coated.

Film Base

(Dental Film) Polyester plastic.

Emulsion Layer

(Dental Film) Silver halide crystals suspended in gelatin.

Protective Layer

(Dental Film) Transparent gelatin, prevents scratches.

Inner Paper Wrap

(Dental Film) Protects from light exposure.

Lead Foil

(Dental Film) Prevents radiation backscattering.

Inner & Outer Packaging

(Dental Film) Protects from saliva, blood, and other contaminants.

Embossed Dot

Identification dot/orientation dot.

Embossed Dot

Helps distinguish the left or right side of the radiograph.

Embossed Dot

Avoid flipped or inverted images. Ensure correct anatomical position.

Extraoral Film

AKA indirect film, intensifying screens, cassette films, or screen films.

Extraoral Film

Designed to be more sensitive to light than radiation.

Extraoral Film

Absorbs x-rays and emit visible light that exposes screen films.

Cassette

(Extraoral Film) Holder, protects from light.

Cassette

(Extraoral Film) Plastic or metallic w/ front and back cover.

Intestifying Screen

(Extraoral Film) Coated with photons.

Intestifying Screen

(Extraoral Film) X-rays into visible light which exposes film.

Pressure Pad

(Extraoral Film) Felt or foam, ensures light contact.