Uterine and Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the uterus, oviduct, vagina, menstrual cycle, and congenital malformations based on the lecture notes.

What happens to the size of the uterus after menopause?

The uterus typically becomes much smaller than the premenopausal uterus.

What are the dimensions of the uterus after menarche?

7-8 cm (L) x 3-4 cm (AP) x 5 cm (Transverse).

What is the primary function of the oviduct (fallopian tube)?

It helps to fertilize the ovum, transport the zygote to the uterus, and provides nutrition to sperm, ovum, and zygote.

What are the parts of the oviduct?

Fimbria, infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, and cornual.

What are the three layers of the vagina?

Mucosal layer, muscular layer, and adventitia.

What hormone has a direct action over the endometrium during the menstrual cycle?

Estrogen.

What triggers ovulation in the menstrual cycle?

Luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland.

What are the phases of the menstrual cycle?

Menstrual Phase, Proliferative Phase, and Secretory Phase.

What is the typical cycle length for menstruation?

Usually 28 days.

What are indicators of congenital malformations of the vagina in neonates?

Hydrocolpos and hydrometrocolpos.

What can result from obstruction of Gartner's duct?

A cyst that may present as a mass in the vaginal cavity.

What is a unicornuate uterus?

A uterus comprised of only one horn.

What is diethylstilbestrol (DES) and its effect on congenital malformations?

A drug that, when taken by pregnant women, resulted in an increased likelihood of congenital uterine malformations in female fetuses.