PSYC 111: Development (Chapter 5)

Germinal (zygote)

Conception-2 weeks

Cells start dividing - 2, 4, 6, 8…

Embryonic (embryo)

2-8 weeks

Cells start to specialize

• Muscle

• Blood

• Skin

Most sensitive period to damage (teratogens)

Fetal (fetus)

8 weeks and on

LMP

Sensorimotor period of cognitive development

Birth-2 years

Take in world through senses and actions

Lack object permanence

Egocentric

Stranger anxiety

Preoperational period of cognitive development

2-7 years

Able to represent things with words and images

Pretend/imaginative play

Egocentric

Concrete operational period of cognitive development

7-11 years

Able to grasp complex operations

Reason logically

Understand conservation

Mathematical transformations

Formal operational period of cognitive development

11 years and on

Can reason abstractly

Potential for mature moral reasoning

Moral realism stage of moral reasoning (Piaget)

4-7 years

Rules are unbending and resolute

Morality of reciprocity stage of moral reasoning (Piaget)

10 years and up

Rules are “bendy”

Pre-conventional (Kohlberg)

Rules come from outside the person, and choices are based on direct consequences

1. Punishment obedience orientation

• Concerned about being punished, don’t want to go to jail

2. Marketplace orientation

• What’s in it for you?

Conventional (Kohlberg)

A person's sense of right and wrong connects to social rules, expectations, and laws.

1. Good boy/good girl orientation

• Don’t want parents to be disappointed

2. Social order

• What society thinks, laws and rules

Post-conventional (Kohlberg)

Guided by internal, abstract ethical principles

1. Social contract

• Good rules and bad rules, can change rules if they are bad

2. Universal ethical (principled) orientation

• Internalized, don’t care what other people think, don’t care about rules and laws