HA&P: Chapter 7 - Part 1

What are the three major regions in the axial skeleton?

Skull, Vertebral column, and Thoracic cage

The axial skeleton can do what?

Forms the longitudinal axis of the body, Supports the head, neck, and trunk, and Protects the brain, spinal cord, and the organs in the thorax

What bone is the body’s most complex bony structure and is formed by cranial and facial bones?

Skull

This kind of bone encloses and protects the fragile brain and furnish attachment sites for head and neck muscles?

Cranial bones, or Cranium

All bones of the adult skull are firmly united by what kind of interlocking joints?

Sutures

What are the major skull sutures that connect the cranial bones?

Coronal, Sagittal, Squamous, & Lambdoid Sutures

What forms the superior, lateral, and posterior aspects of the skull that can also be called the calvaria?

Cranial vault

This forms the skull’s inferior aspect and with the prominent bony ridges that divide this go into three distinct fossae of the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial?

Cranial base

What kind of bone forms the anterior cranium, it also articulates posteriorly with the paired parietal bones via the prominent coronal suture, and its most anterior part is the vertical squamous part that is the forehead?

Frontal bone

Where does the frontal squamous regions ends inferiorly at, that is the thickened superior margins of the orbits that lie under the eyebrows?

Supraorbital margins

From the supraorbital margins, the frontal bone extends posteriorly, forming the superior wall of the orbits and most of what that supports the frontal lobes of the brain?

Anterior cranial fossa

What is each supraorbital margin pierced by, that allows the supraorbital artery and nerve to pass to the forehead?

Supraorbital foramen (notch)

This is the smooth portion of the frontal bone between the orbits and inferior to this the frontal bone meets the nasal bones at the frontonasal suture?

Glabella

What are the areas lateral to the glabella that contains sinuses?

Frontal sinuses

There are two of those that are curved, rectangular bones that form most of the superior and lateral aspects of the skull and form the bulk of the cranial vault?

Parietal bones

What suture is where the parietal bones meet the frontal bone anteriorly?

Coronal suture

What kind of suture, is where the parietal bones meet superiorly at the cranial midline?

Sagittal suture

What kind of suture is where the parietal bones meet the occipital bone posteriorly?

Lambdoid suture

What kind of suture, is where a parietal and temporal bone meet on the lateral aspect of the skull?

Squamous suture

What kind of bone forms most of the skull’s posterior wall and base and it articulates anteriorly with the paired parietal and temporal bones via the lambdoid and occipitomastoid sutures?

Occipital bone

The occipital bone forms the walls of what that supports the cerebellum of the brain?

Posterior cranial fossa

What is in the base of the occipital bone that through which the inferior part of the brain connects with the spinal cord and is flanked laterally by two occipital condyles?

Foramen magnum

These articulate with the first vertebra of the spinal column in a way that permits a nodding motion of the head?

Occipital condyles

What is hidden medially and superiorly to each occipital condyle that is through which a cranial nerve (XII) passes?

Hypoglossal canal

What is superior to the foramen magnum that is a median protrusion?

External occipital protuberance

What marks the occipital bone near the foramen magnum?

External occipital crest and the Superior and Inferior nuchal lines

What does the external occipital crest secure that is a sheetlike elastic ligament that connects the vertebrae of the neck to the skull?

Ligamentum nuchae

These kinds of bones are best viewed on the lateral skull surface, lie inferior to the parietal bones and meet them at the squamous sutures, and they form the inferolateral aspects of the skull and parts of the cranial base

Temporal bones

a. What part of the temporal bone end at the squamous suture and b. its barlike __________ meets the zygomatic bone of the face anteriorly?

a. Squamous part

b. Zygomatic process

What do the squamous part and the zygomatic process form, which you can feel as the projection of your cheek?

Zygomatic arch

This is on the inferior surface of the zygomatic process that receives the condylar process of the mandible, forming the freely movable temporomandibular joint?

Mandibular fossa

The tympanic part of the temporal bone surrounds what, to what it can be the external ear canal?

External acoustic meatus

What part of the temporal bone houses the middle and internal ear cavities that contains sensory receptors for hearing and balance?

Petrous part

What do the sphenoid bone and the petrous portions of the temporal bones construct that supports the temporal lobes of the brain?

Middle cranial fossa

What is at the junction of the occipital and petrous temporal bones that allows passage of the internal jugular vein and three cranial nerves (IX, X, and XI)?

Jugular foramen

This is anterior to the jugular foramen, that transmits the internal carotid artery into the cranial cavity?

Carotid canal

This is between the petrous temporal bone and the sphenoid bone?

Foramen lacerum

This is positioned superolateral to the jugular foramen and transmits cranial nerves VII and VIII?

Internal acoustic meatus

This is a feature of the petrous part of the temporal bone that acts as an anchoring site for some neck muscles?

Mastoid process

This is an attachment point for several tongue and neck muscles and for a ligament that secures the hyoid bone of the neck to the skull?

Styloid process

This is between the styloid and mastoid processes that allows cranial nerve VII to leave the skull?

Stylomastoid foramen

This is a. of a bat-shaped that spans the width of the middle cranial fossa and is the keystone bone of the cranium and b. within the body of this are the paired what?

a. Sphenoid bone

b. Sphenoidal sinuses

What does the superior surface of the body bear that is of a saddle-shaped prominence that means “Turk’s saddle?”

Sella turcica

This is the seat of the sella turcica, that forms a snug enclosure for the pitutary gland?

Hypophyseal fossa

These project laterally from the sphenoid body that forms parts of the middle cranial fossa, the posterior walls of the orbits, and the external wall of the skull that are medial to the zygomatic arch?

Greater wings

These form parts of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa and parts of the medial walls of the orbits?

Lesser wings

This projects inferiorly from the junction of the body and greater wings that anchor the pterygoid muscles?

Pterygoid processes

These lie anterior to the sella turcica, that allows the optic nerves (cranial nerves II) to pass to the eyes?

Optic canals

This is a long slit between the greater and lesser wings that allows cranial nerves that control eye movement to enter the orbit?

Superior orbital fissure

What two bones provide passageways for branches of cranial nerve V to reach the face?

Foramen rotundum and Foramen ovale

This is posterolateral to the foramen ovale that transmits the middle meningeal artery that serves the internal faces of some cranial bones?

Foramen spinosum

What bone lies between the sphenoid and the nasal bones of the face and is the most deeply situated bone of the skull and forms most of the bony area between the nasal cavity and the orbits?

Ethmoid bone

The superior surface of the ethmoid is formed by what that helps form the roof of the nasal cavity and the floor of the anterior cranial fossa and they are punctured by tiny holes called cribriform foramina that allow the filaments of the olfactory nerves to pass from the smell receptors in the nasal cavity to the brain?

Cribriform plates

What is projected superiorly between the cribriform plates?

Crista galli

This is of a ethmoid bone that projects inferiorly in the median plane and forms the superior part of the nasal septum that divides the nasal cavity into right and left halves?

Perpendicular plate

What is a. flanked with the perpendicular plate on each side riddled b. with sinuses called what?

a. Lateral mass

b. Ethmoidal air cells

What is extended medially from the lateral masses that protrude into the nasal cavity?

Superior and Middle nasal conchae

What are the lateral surfaces of the ethmoid’s lateral masses that contribute to the medial walls of the orbits?

Orbital plates

These are tiny, irregularly shaped bones or bone clusters that occur within sutures?

Sutural bones

What bone can be called the lower jawbone which can be the largest, strongest bone of the face, and has a body that forms the chin and two upright rami?

Mandible

What does each ramus meet on the body posteriorly?

Mandibular angle

At the superior margin of each ramus are two processes separated by what?

Mandibular notch

This bone anterior that is an insertion point for the large temporalis muscle that elevates the lower jaw during chewing?

Coronoid process

This bone is posterior that articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone, forming the temporomandibular joint on the same side?

Condylar process

The superior border of the mandibular body can be called what that contains the sockets in which the teeth are embedded?

Alveolar process

This is located in the midline of the mandibular body that indicates where the two mandibular bones fuse during infancy?

Mandibular symphysis

This is located on the medial surface of each ramus that permits the nerves responsible for tooth sensation to pass to the teeth in the lower jaw?

Mandibular foramina

This is an opening on the lateral aspects of the mandibular body that allows blood vessels and nerves to pass to the skin of the chin and lower lip?

Mental foramina