science sunil

Structure

Something made up of parts that work together for a specific purpose. All structures have a form and a function.

Form

The physical description of a structure including size, shape, and material.

Function

The job or purpose that a structure serves.

Solid structure

Structures made of one piece of strong material, relying on their mass to resist forces.

Frame structure

Composed of a framework of parts fastened together to provide strength.

Shell structure

Hollow structures requiring minimal material for construction, known for being lightweight.

Force

A push or pull acting upon an object.

Load

The force acting on a structure, categorized as dead load, live load, or dynamic load.

Mass

The amount of matter in an object, measured in grams or kilograms.

Weight

The force of Earth's gravity acting on an object, measured in Newtons.

Centre of gravity

The point where a structure's mass is equally balanced in all directions, crucial for stability.

Beam

A horizontal structure designed to support a load.

Cantilever

A beam supported at only one end.

Truss

A network of beams arranged in triangles, commonly used in construction for strength.

Trusses

Structural elements that can be bent or curved while retaining strength, utilizing triangles to distribute forces between vertices.

Arch

A curved structure commonly used to support loads, relying on a keystone to stay upright and transferring compression forces downward.

Dome

A shell structure resembling the top half of a sphere or egg, directing compression forces downward in multiple places simultaneously.

Geodesic Dome

A hemispheric thin shell structure based on a geodesic polyhedron, distributing structural stress throughout the structure to withstand heavy loads.

Structural Failure

The loss of a structure's ability to support a load, leading to cracking, deformation, or collapse, often caused by bad design, faulty construction, extraordinary loads, or foundation failure.

Bad Design

A cause of structural failure due to design errors such as failure to account for load or specifying incorrect materials.

faulty Construction

A cause of structural failure resulting from using poor quality materials or poor installation.

Extraordinary Loads

Extreme conditions causing structural failure, not the result of poor design but unexpected events creating extraordinary loads.

Foundation Failure

A less common cause of structural failure resulting from poor soil conditions or inadequate foundation size.