History EOC 11th grade

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154 Terms

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Reconstruction

Rebuilding south

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Black Codes

Restricting African American freedom (had to register to work)

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Sharecropping

Tenant uses land in return for share of crops produced

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Debt peonage

Preson’s pledge of labor to repay a debt.

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Nadir

Lowest point of person’s spirit or quality of activity.

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KKK

Began post Civil War

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Freedman’s Bureau

Federal agency that aided freed slaves during Reconstruction.

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Radical Republicans

Opposed lenient policies towards south after Civil War

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Scallywags

Southern whites who supported Reconstruction

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Jim Crow Laws

Legalized segregation

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Carpetbaggers

Northerners who moved to south to profit

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Civil Rights Act of 1866

Males born in this country were citizens

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Popular sovereignty

People voted for/against slavery in territory.

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Kansas-Nebraska Act

Opened new land for settlement and route for transcontinental railroad. Many illegally voted and this led to civil war in these territories

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Fugitive Slave Act

All accused escaped slaves could be returned to south.

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Dred Scott Case

African Americans were not citizens and had no rights under federal law.

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13th Amendment

Abolished slavery

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15th Amendment

Prohibits discrimination in voting rights

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14th Amendment

All people are equal under law

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Anaconda Plan

Naval blockade of southern ports by union army.

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Dawes Act of 1877

Divided tribal for individual; designed to divide up tribes.

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Sherman Silver Purchase Act

Increased amount of silver government had to produce.

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Granger Laws

Created to regulated prices of railroad and grain company fees post Civil War.

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Homestead Act of 1862

Selloff of government land.

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Bessemer Process

Inexpensive wat produce steel.

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Inventors

Ford (assembly line), Edison (light bulb, generator), Tesla (AC electric) all made life easier.

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Knights of Labor

Largest union, promotes the working man.

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Chinese Exclusion Act

US banned Chinese immigration for 10 years.

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Interstate Commerce Act of 1877

Regulate railroad industry/protect from monopoly.

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Populist Party

Political party that stood up for farmers and workers.

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Bimetallism

Free silver

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Great Migration

6 million African Americans moved from south to north.

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Monopoly

Only one seller/no competition.

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Political Machine

Organization/leader gives favors for votes.

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Muckrakers

Journalist who exposed corruption (Ida Tarbell.)

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Immigration

Foreign people entering the US.

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Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Created to regulate monopolies.

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Social Darwinism

Survival of the fittest.

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Social Gospel Movement

Applies Christian ethics to social problems (YMCA and Salvation Army) promoted philanthropy

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Settlement Houses

Helped immigrants learned to adapt new cities.

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Imperialism

Stronger nation take over weaker.

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Open Door Policy

US wanted all countries to trade with China.

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US wanted..

To gain new territories and resources (focus on Pacific)

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Spanish American War

Ends with the Treaty of Paris.

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Platt Amendment

Cuba becomes protectorate of US.

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4 Main Causes of WW1

Imperialism, militarism, alliances, and nationalism.

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Reason for US involvement

Sinking of the Lusitania , Sussex Pledge and Zimmerman Telegram.

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New weapons

Chemical, machine guns, tanks, planes, flame' throwers.

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Trench Warfare

Extended war, middle called “No Man’s land.”

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Homefront

Took long time to prepare, many women worked in factories , Selective Services Act used for draft , victory gardens planted, war bonds sold, and rationing of goods.

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Yellow Journalism

Exaggerated newspaper stories to increase sales.

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Panama Canal

Shortened trip from pacific to Atlantic Oceans.

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Big Stick Policy

If other countries believed US was strong, they wouldn’t attempt war.

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Teller Amendment

US gains Guantanamo Bay.

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Roosevelt Corollary

Allowed US to protect Latin America, to ensure stability.

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War Industries Board

Created to oversee production of war supplies.

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Committee on Public information

Created influence support for war.

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Espionage Act of 1918

Prohibited any attempt to interfere with military actions.

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Sedition Act of 1918

Punished speaking against government of war effort.

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Propaganda

Mass publishing of information to persuade opinion.

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Treaty of Versailles

Officially ended war, required Germany to pay large war reparations (payments) to allies and greatly reduce military.

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League of Nations

Was created for international cooperation (US did not join.)

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Demobilization

Downsizing of soldiers/military.

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Red Scare

Post WW1 fear of communism.

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Dawes Plan

Created to solve German payment program, we lent them money.

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Roaring Twenties

Automobiles, electricity, phones, movies, major industrial growth, artistic, and social/cultural changes.

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League of Nations

Created for international cooperation, US did not join, dissolved in 1933.

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Kellog-Braind Pact

International agreement promising not to use war to resolve conflicts.

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Washington Naval Conference

Held to discuss disarming (9 countries) attended.

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Neutrality Acts

Created to keep US out of foreign conflicts.

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London Conference

Held to deal with problems resulting from peace treaties ending WW1.

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Nobel Prize

Given for greatest benefit of mankind.

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Sacco and Vanzetti

Anarchists (against government) accused of murder, many believed case was corrupt, appeal denied, and both executed.

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Americans began to

use credit to buy goods.

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Advertising in magazines and catalogs

to gain business (sears.)

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Nativism

Dislike for immigrants.

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Harlem Renaissance

African American artistic movement in New York.

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18th Amendment

Prohibition - no alcohol.

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Fundamentalist Movement

A demand for strict adherence to biblical teachings

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Booker T. Washington

Believed African Americans should submit to white political rule.

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WEB Du Bois

Believed African Americans should insist on full civil rights and political representation - Cofounded NAACP

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Marcus Garvey

Promoted return of African Americans to ancestral lands.

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Mary Mcleod Bethune

Civil right leader who began school (Bethune Cookman University.)

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Main Causes

Consumer overspending due to credit, Bull Market happened because people bought stocks on installment plan.

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Black tuesday

Oct 29, 1929 was the day the stock market crashed.

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Bank Holidays

Created by Pres. Roosevelt to shut down all banks.

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Dust Bowl

A period of severe drought and dust storms causing damage to agriculture.

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Bank runs

People rushed to the banks to remove money; at same times.

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Agricultural Adjustment Act

Paid farmers to not produce.

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Civilian Conservation Corps

Provided jobs in manual labor: on federal land.

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FDIC

Created to protect people’s money in the bank (protected by government.)

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Social Security Act

Provided benefits to retirees.

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Works Progress Administration

Largest New Deal employer for creating public projects.

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Smoot

Hawley Tariff - a tax on over 20,000 imported goods.

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Neutrality Acts

Americans could not ride on ships or trade/sell arms to wring countries.

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Pearl Harbor

Dec 7, 1941 Japanese attack.

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Korematsu vs. United States

Japanese internment camps (civil rights had been denied.)

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Executive Order 9066

US military zone declared, Japanese internment camps created.

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PBC

Blackouts along coast to protect from submarines.

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Holocaust

Systematic slaughter millions of Jewish people.