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Reconstruction
Rebuilding south
Black Codes
Restricting African American freedom (had to register to work)
Sharecropping
Tenant uses land in return for share of crops produced
Debt peonage
Preson’s pledge of labor to repay a debt.
Nadir
Lowest point of person’s spirit or quality of activity.
KKK
Began post Civil War
Freedman’s Bureau
Federal agency that aided freed slaves during Reconstruction.
Radical Republicans
Opposed lenient policies towards south after Civil War
Scallywags
Southern whites who supported Reconstruction
Jim Crow Laws
Legalized segregation
Carpetbaggers
Northerners who moved to south to profit
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Males born in this country were citizens
Popular sovereignty
People voted for/against slavery in territory.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Opened new land for settlement and route for transcontinental railroad. Many illegally voted and this led to civil war in these territories
Fugitive Slave Act
All accused escaped slaves could be returned to south.
Dred Scott Case
African Americans were not citizens and had no rights under federal law.
13th Amendment
Abolished slavery
15th Amendment
Prohibits discrimination in voting rights
14th Amendment
All people are equal under law
Anaconda Plan
Naval blockade of southern ports by union army.
Dawes Act of 1877
Divided tribal for individual; designed to divide up tribes.
Sherman Silver Purchase Act
Increased amount of silver government had to produce.
Granger Laws
Created to regulated prices of railroad and grain company fees post Civil War.
Homestead Act of 1862
Selloff of government land.
Bessemer Process
Inexpensive wat produce steel.
Inventors
Ford (assembly line), Edison (light bulb, generator), Tesla (AC electric) all made life easier.
Knights of Labor
Largest union, promotes the working man.
Chinese Exclusion Act
US banned Chinese immigration for 10 years.
Interstate Commerce Act of 1877
Regulate railroad industry/protect from monopoly.
Populist Party
Political party that stood up for farmers and workers.
Bimetallism
Free silver
Great Migration
6 million African Americans moved from south to north.
Monopoly
Only one seller/no competition.
Political Machine
Organization/leader gives favors for votes.
Muckrakers
Journalist who exposed corruption (Ida Tarbell.)
Immigration
Foreign people entering the US.
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Created to regulate monopolies.
Social Darwinism
Survival of the fittest.
Social Gospel Movement
Applies Christian ethics to social problems (YMCA and Salvation Army) promoted philanthropy
Settlement Houses
Helped immigrants learned to adapt new cities.
Imperialism
Stronger nation take over weaker.
Open Door Policy
US wanted all countries to trade with China.
US wanted..
To gain new territories and resources (focus on Pacific)
Spanish American War
Ends with the Treaty of Paris.
Platt Amendment
Cuba becomes protectorate of US.
4 Main Causes of WW1
Imperialism, militarism, alliances, and nationalism.
Reason for US involvement
Sinking of the Lusitania , Sussex Pledge and Zimmerman Telegram.
New weapons
Chemical, machine guns, tanks, planes, flame' throwers.
Trench Warfare
Extended war, middle called “No Man’s land.”
Homefront
Took long time to prepare, many women worked in factories , Selective Services Act used for draft , victory gardens planted, war bonds sold, and rationing of goods.
Yellow Journalism
Exaggerated newspaper stories to increase sales.
Panama Canal
Shortened trip from pacific to Atlantic Oceans.
Big Stick Policy
If other countries believed US was strong, they wouldn’t attempt war.
Teller Amendment
US gains Guantanamo Bay.
Roosevelt Corollary
Allowed US to protect Latin America, to ensure stability.
War Industries Board
Created to oversee production of war supplies.
Committee on Public information
Created influence support for war.
Espionage Act of 1918
Prohibited any attempt to interfere with military actions.
Sedition Act of 1918
Punished speaking against government of war effort.
Propaganda
Mass publishing of information to persuade opinion.
Treaty of Versailles
Officially ended war, required Germany to pay large war reparations (payments) to allies and greatly reduce military.
League of Nations
Was created for international cooperation (US did not join.)
Demobilization
Downsizing of soldiers/military.
Red Scare
Post WW1 fear of communism.
Dawes Plan
Created to solve German payment program, we lent them money.
Roaring Twenties
Automobiles, electricity, phones, movies, major industrial growth, artistic, and social/cultural changes.
League of Nations
Created for international cooperation, US did not join, dissolved in 1933.
Kellog-Braind Pact
International agreement promising not to use war to resolve conflicts.
Washington Naval Conference
Held to discuss disarming (9 countries) attended.
Neutrality Acts
Created to keep US out of foreign conflicts.
London Conference
Held to deal with problems resulting from peace treaties ending WW1.
Nobel Prize
Given for greatest benefit of mankind.
Sacco and Vanzetti
Anarchists (against government) accused of murder, many believed case was corrupt, appeal denied, and both executed.
Americans began to
use credit to buy goods.
Advertising in magazines and catalogs
to gain business (sears.)
Nativism
Dislike for immigrants.
Harlem Renaissance
African American artistic movement in New York.
18th Amendment
Prohibition - no alcohol.
Fundamentalist Movement
A demand for strict adherence to biblical teachings
Booker T. Washington
Believed African Americans should submit to white political rule.
WEB Du Bois
Believed African Americans should insist on full civil rights and political representation - Cofounded NAACP
Marcus Garvey
Promoted return of African Americans to ancestral lands.
Mary Mcleod Bethune
Civil right leader who began school (Bethune Cookman University.)
Main Causes
Consumer overspending due to credit, Bull Market happened because people bought stocks on installment plan.
Black tuesday
Oct 29, 1929 was the day the stock market crashed.
Bank Holidays
Created by Pres. Roosevelt to shut down all banks.
Dust Bowl
A period of severe drought and dust storms causing damage to agriculture.
Bank runs
People rushed to the banks to remove money; at same times.
Agricultural Adjustment Act
Paid farmers to not produce.
Civilian Conservation Corps
Provided jobs in manual labor: on federal land.
FDIC
Created to protect people’s money in the bank (protected by government.)
Social Security Act
Provided benefits to retirees.
Works Progress Administration
Largest New Deal employer for creating public projects.
Smoot
Hawley Tariff - a tax on over 20,000 imported goods.
Neutrality Acts
Americans could not ride on ships or trade/sell arms to wring countries.
Pearl Harbor
Dec 7, 1941 Japanese attack.
Korematsu vs. United States
Japanese internment camps (civil rights had been denied.)
Executive Order 9066
US military zone declared, Japanese internment camps created.
PBC
Blackouts along coast to protect from submarines.
Holocaust
Systematic slaughter millions of Jewish people.