Chemistry 1.1 - 1.2 Test

1.1 - 1.2

Chemistry

The study of the composition, properties, and interactions of matter.

The Greeks believed matter consists of 4 elements:

Earth, fire, air, water.

Alchemy

Interrelationships between Chemistry

Examples of chemistry in everyday life:

• Digesting food

• Synthesizing polymers for clothing, cookware, and credit

cards

• Refining crude oil into gasoline and other products

Chemistry is a science based on ______________ and

_______________.

Observation, Experimentation.

Chemists often formulate a___________: a tentative

explanation of observations.

hypothesis

__ ____ __ _______ summarize a vast number of

experimental observations, and describe or predict

some facet of the natural world.

The Laws of Science

Theory

A well-substantiated, comprehensive, testable

explanation of a particular aspect of nature.

Macroscopic Domain

It is the realm of everyday things that are large enough to be

sensed directly by human sight or touch.

Microscopic Domain

Micro also comes from Greek and means “small.” Some aspects of the microscopic domains are visible through a microscope.

Symbolic Domain

Contains the specialized language used to represent components of the macroscopic and microscopic domains, such as chemical symbols.

Matter

Anything that occupies space and has mass.

Solid

is rigid and possesses a definite shape.

Liquid

flows and takes the shape of its container.

Gas

takes both the shape and volume of its container.

Plasma

A gaseous state of matter that contains an appreciable amount of electrically charged particles.

• unique properties distinct from ordinary

  gases.

Plasma is found in certain high-temperature environments.

• Naturally: Stars, lightning

• Man-made: Television screens

Mass

is a measure of the amount of matter in an object.

Weight

to the force that gravity exerts on an object.

An object’s mass is the same on the earth and the

moon but its weight is different.

True

Law of conservation of matter

There is no detectable change in the total quantity of matter

present when matter converts from one type to another.

• This is true for both chemical and physical changes.

Element

is a type of pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical changes.

• There are more than 100 known elements.

• Ninety of these occur naturally.

• Two dozen or so have been created in laboratories.

Elements

Pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical changes.

• Consist of one type of element

• Examples: Gold (Au), Phosphorus (P), Oxygen (O)

Compounds

Pure substances that can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical changes.

• Consist of two or more types of elements chemically bonded

• Examples: H2O, C6H12O6, AgCl

• The properties of compounds are different from the uncombined elements making up the compound.

Mixture

composed of two or more types of matter that can be present in varying amounts and can be separated by physical changes.

__________ is an example of a physical change.

Evaporation

There are two types of mixtures:

homogenous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures.

Homogenous mixture

exhibits a uniform composition and appears visually the same

throughout.

• aka solution

Heterogeneous mixture

has a composition that varies from point to point.

Classification of Matter

Atom

The smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element and can enter into a chemical combination.

Molecule

Consists of two or more atoms connected by strong forces known as chemical bonds.