Chapter 26, Lesson 4: Metabolic States and Metabolic Rate

Flashcards from Chapter 26, Lesson 4 of McGraw Hill Anatomy and Physiology, Tenth Edition, by Kenneth S. Saladin.

Absorptive state (fed state)

State of metabolism during the four hours during and after a meal with nutrient absorption to meet energy and other needs without the need for stored fuels

Postabsorptive state (fasting state)

State of metabolism after meals in the late morning, afternoon, and overnight with an empty stomach to meet needs from stored fuels

Absorptive state (fed state)

State of metabolism during the four hours during and after a meal with nutrient absorption to meet energy and other needs without the need for stored fuels

Postabsorptive state (fasting state)

State of metabolism after meals in the late morning, afternoon, and overnight with an empty stomach to meet needs from stored fuels

Fed state carbohydrates

Where carbohydrates are transported to the liver for transportation throughout the body with any excess producing glycogen or fat

Fed state amino acids

Where amino acids pass through the liver and go to other cells for protein synthesis (liver cells may use them for fuel or fatty acid synthesis)

Insulin

Hormone that regulates glucose uptake by most cells and causes blood glucose levels to fall and index fat stores; can also transport proteins into cells for protein synthesis

Fasting state fats

Where fats are converted to glucose for energy

Fasting state proteins

Where proteins are used as fuel (particularly muscle proteins) when glycogen and fat reserves are depleted

Cachexia

The extreme wasting away seen in some chronic diseases resulting from the loss of appetite (anorexia) as well as altered metabolisms

Cortisol

A hormone released in response to stress that promotes fat and protein catabolism (breakdown) and gluconeogensis as well as growth hormone secretion and insulin inhibition for higher levels

Metabolic rate

The amount of energy used in the body in a given period of time; measured in kcal per hour or day and can depend on physical activity, mental state, absorptive or postabsorptive status, and thyroid or other hormones

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Baseline metabolic rate that minimizes the effects of feeding, activity, and hormone levels around 2,000 kcal per day for adult males (slightly less for females)

Total metabolic rate (TMR)

The sum of basal metabolic rates and energy required for voluntary activities; can be increased by physical activity or states like anxiety, pregnancy, fever, or hormonal levels and decreased by mental state and starvation due to weight conservation