Soc 100 Exam 2

Middle Income

households that gain 2/3 double the income

Lower Income

Household that gain 2/3 less than median

Upper Income

Households that gain double the median

Income

Money received(work,transfers,goverment assistance, inheritance, returns and investments)

Wealth

a family's or individual's net worth

Stratification

Different levels of power, status

Standards of equality-

Opportunity

Condition

Outcome

everyone has a equal chance to achieve wealth

everyone should start with equal starting point

everyone should end in the same position

Estate

Politically based, limited social mobility

Caste

religion based, no social mobility

Modern Slavery

possession or control of a person deprived of their rights with the intention of exploiting them

New slavery

Legal ownership avoided

Very low purchase cost

Very high profits

Glut of potential slaves

Short-term relationship

Slaves disposable

Ethnic differences not important

Old slavery

Legal ownership asserted

High purchase cost

Low profits

Shortage of potential slaves

Long-term relationship

Slaves Maintained

Ethnic differences important

Karl Marx

Capitalism/class

Erik Olin Wright

contradictory class locations

Max Webber

class and status

Modernization theory

a model of economic and social development that explains global inequality in terms of technological and cultural differences between nations

Dependency theory

a model of economic and social development that explains global inequality in terms of the historical exploitation of poor nations by rich ones

Neoliberalism

A strategy for economic development that calls for free markets, balanced budgets, privatization, free trade, and minimal government intervention in the economy.

Geography

High transportation costs

Prevalence of disease

Low agricultural productivity

Traps

Land lock, bad governance

Insitutions

how the economy works, what motivates people

Cisgender

gender identity and/or expression aligns with the sex assigned at birth

Gender Identity

our sense of being male or female

Gender expression

the way in which a person expresses their gender identity, typically through their appearance, dress, and behavior.

Gender Dysphoria

the condition of feeling one's emotional and psychological identity as male or female to be opposite to one's biological sex.

Gender Roles

Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex.

Gender Typing

The process of developing the behaviors, thoughts, and emotions associated with a particular gender.

Gender Ceiling

an invisible barrier that makes it difficult, if not impossible, for women to reach the highest levels of an organization or industry.

Glass escalator

the accelerated promotion of men to the top of a work organization, especially in feminized jobs

Second Shift

work outside the home followed by child care and housework- that many women face and few men share equitably

Functionalism

gender differences

Conflict

uneven distribution of power with men/women

Interactionism

We want masculinity and femininity to change but tend to remain gender norms

Intersectionality

Overlapping of social categories such as race, class, gender as they apply to a given individual or group. Creates interdependent systems of discrimination/disadvantage

Graying

increasing proportion of a society's population is elderly

Practical

Difficulties faced physically when aging

Symbolic

social/psychological implications faced from aging

Ageism

Discrimination based on age

Prejudice

A negative attitude toward an entire category of people, often an ethnic or racial minority.

Discrimination

unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members

Attribution Bias

how we expect others to perform affects the meaning we assign to their behavior

Macro/Micro Link

In group categorization, preference and stereotyping

Disengagement Theory

Forced retirement

Activity Theory

older people are happier if they remain active in some way, such as volunteering or developing a hobby

Continuity Theory

former teacher volunteering at a school during retirement

Conflict Theory

a theory that looks at society as a competition for limited resources

Life Course Theory

Boys and girls have similar career aspirations,men receive more support

Socialogical Imagination

the ability to see the link between society and self

Obesity epidemic

Biological

Social

Economic

Technology

gentics/physiology

cultural norms,social networks

Food accessibility, economic status

food production, lifestyle changes

Medicalization

the process by which problems or issues not traditionally seen as medical come to be framed as such ex pregnancy ,mental health

Functionalist -sick role theory

social rights and obligations of a sick individual

conditional

Temporary condition

Unconditional

Incurable illness

illegitmate

not real disease

Symbolic Interactionist

how individuals live with chronic illnesses manage their symptoms and treatments

stigma

a mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality, or person.