Articulation System pt. 2

Propriception

Sensation of ones body that allows us to feel where our tongue and other articulators are during speech production

Order of vocal tract cavities sup --> inf

Nasal, oral, laryngeal

Resonance

selectively increases energy/loudness to the components of a sound by changing volume, length and area of opening a vocal tract

Non-Biological Function of Larynx

sound generatoin

Filters

production of sound with articulators in place

speech

concept information, language structure added, muscular activation

coarticulation

overlap of one articulation posture to another

suprasegmental features

prosody (pitch, loudness, stress, and intonation)

Lips

round, retract, compress

/s/

Mandible

depress and elevate

/m/

Velum

elevate, retract, lower (nasal sounds)

elevate tongue tip

superior longitudinal

/t,d,l,n/

relax lateral margin

posterior genioglossus, superior longitudinal, transverse intrinsic

/t,d,k,g/

narrow tongue

transverse intrinsic

/l,n/

protrude tongue

posterior genioglossus, vertical intrinsic, superior and inferior longitudinal

“th”

retract tongue

anterior genioglossus, superior and inferior longitudinal, styloglossus

/k,g/

elevate posterior tongue

palatoglossus, transverse intrinsic

/k,g/

depress tongue body

genioglossus, hyoglossus/chondroglossus

2-3 months

cooing and gooing

can make back sounds- /k/ and /g/

4-6 months

sounds play

squeals, growls, raspberries- /p/ and /b/

7-9 months

canonical babbling

increase of front sounds (/d/) and reduplicated sounds (bababa)

10-12 months

combines different sound with adult like intonation “bido”

phoneme

speech sound; conveys meaning

allophone

variation of a phoneme

vowel

sounds produced with NO constriction of the vocal tract

consonant

sound produced WITH constriction of the vocal tract

more complex and difficult to produce

micrognathia (motor)

small jaw

coincide with cleft palate

glossectomy (motor)

removal of the tongue- partial or whole

common cause is oral cancer

bell palsy (neurological)

facial nerve paralysis

usually temporary but not always

half of face is paralyzed

stroke (neurological)

blood flow to the brain is blocked

bottom corner of the face is paralyzed

cleft palate

most common is cleft lip

unilateral cleft lip, bilateral cleft lip, and unilateral cleft lip and palate