Nutrition exam 1 (1-59), nutrition

dietary reference intakes reflect the collaborative efforts of scientists to produce a set of standards for the amount of energy, nutrients, and other dietary components the best support health

true

To ensure that the vitamin and mineral recommendations meet the needs of as many people as possible, the recommendations are set near the top end of the range of the population's estimated average requirements.

true

Consuming nutrient-dense foods can help control your kcalorie intake.

true

A package of prunes states that the product is a good fiber source and the Nutrition Facts panel indicates the product contains 12% of the Daily Value for dietary fiber. This product can legally make this claim.

true

whenever carbohydrate is available to the body, the human brain depends exclusively on it as an energy source

true

most dietary fiber provides little or no energy

true

experts agree that moderate amounts of sugar in the diet may pose a number of major health risks

false

it is possible to consume too little fat

true

Research has shown that fat substitutes are always effective at promoting weight loss

false

the DRI committee that reviewed the safety of amino acid supplements was unable to set tolerable upper intake levels for save supplement use

true

research supports the idea that vegetarians may actually be healthier than meat eaters

true

the body metabolically recognizes the difference between fasting and starving

false

ketones can meet some of the nervous system's energy needs

true

voluntary activities normally require less energy in a day than basal metabolism does

true

bioavailability refers to the rate and extent to which a nutrient is absorbed and used

true

beriberi is also called the thiamin-deficiency disease

true

the body's adaptation to fasting are sufficient to maintain life

true

a triglyceride is a glycerol molecule plus three fatty acids

true

bioactive food components, or phytochemicals, may increase the risk of cancer

false

Orange juice fortified with calcium to help build strong bones is an example of a(n):

functional food

all of the following nutrients are organic except

minerals

the kilocalorie content of a food depends on how much it contains of each of the following

carbohydrate, fat, and protein

the essential nutrients are those

that must be obtained from foods

how many kilocalories are provided by a food that contains 25 g carbohydrates, 6 g protein, and 5 g fat

169

how many fat kilocalories are in a food that contains 15 grams of fat

135

you are advising a client on components of the dietary guidelines for americans. which of the following would you include in your advice

increase intake of vegetables and fruits

which type of physical activities are recommended by the ACSM for developing and maintaining fitness

cardiorespiratory, strength, and flexibility training

the main function of carbohydrates in the body is to

furnish the body with energy

number 17

true

what are the basic units of all carbohydrates

monosaccharides

the primary source of energy for the brain and nervous system under normal condition is

glucose

An example of a polysaccharide is

starch

the sugars in fruits, vegetables, grains, and milk are

naturally occurring

the leading source of added sugars in the american diet is

soft drinks and other sugar-sweetened beverages

Sweeteners that yield energy are called:

nutritive sweeteners

carbohydrate should contribute approximately what percentage of the total daily energy intake

45-65

fat function in the body to

provide energy

which of the following does not describe a function of fat

it is the best source of energy for the brain

the compound that forms the backbone of triglycerides is called

glycerol

a fatty acid with two or more double bonds is described as

polyunsaturated

polyunsaturated fats

can be found in fatty fish

a 2000-kcalorie diet that provides 25% of kcalories from fat would contain _______ grams of fat

55

which of the following food groups always contains fat

meats

recommendations for fat intake have changed over the years due to

increased scientific understanding about types of fat and how they affect health

which of the following high-fat foods would be the least heart-healthy to consume daily

potato chips

proteins differ from the other energy nutrients because they contain

nitrogen

the basic building blocks of proteins are

amino acids

an essential amino acid

must be supplied by the diet

A person is in positive nitrogen balance during:

growth

an antibody is a type of protein that

protects the body from viruses, bacteria, and other disease agents.

the child with marasmus differs from the child with kwashiorkor in that the

marasmic child appears extremely thin

In setting the RDA for protein, the committee assumed that:

protein will be consumed together with adequate energy and other nutrients

Mary consumes approximately 1800 kcalories per day. If she wants to consume 15% of her kcalories from protein, how many grams would that be?

68 g/day

a measure of the amount of amino acids absorbed from a given protein intake is called

protein digestibility

complementary proteins

combine proteins from different foods to provide all essential amino acids

which minerals are most likely to be lacking in the diets of vegans

iron, zinc, and calcium

Within a day of beginning a fast, most of the body's stores of which of the following are depleted?

glycogen

in the first few days of fasting, body proteins is used primarily to

provide glucose

the energy needed to maintain life when a person is at complete digestive physical, and emotional rest is termed

basal metabolism

The Recommended Dietary Allowances:

are the foundation of the Dietary Reference Intakes.

which of the following fats is mostly monounsaturated?

olive oil

due to their role in brain development and prevention in heart disease. American need to consume more

omega 3 fatty acids

Common Food Ingredients that can take the place of fats include all except:

water?

enzymes

are essential to all life process

When protein consumption is in excess of body needs and energy needs are met, the excess amino acids are broken down and the energy in the molecule is

stored as fat

the main precursor of vitamin A

beta cartone

riboflavin is most notably used by the body to

facilitate energy metabolism

Which of the following foods would you recommend to someone interested in lowering their blood cholesterol level?

oatmeal

which of the following individual would have the slowest metabolic rate

a 20-year old inactive woman

Three monosaccharides important in nutrition are:

fructose, glucose, galactose

ascorbic acid is another name for :

Vitamin C

which vitamins is most vulnerable to interactions with alcohol and other drugs

folate

Thiamin is involved in:

energy metabolism

overconsumption of the water soluble vitamins will likely result in

no apparent change, because they are excreted.

Vitamin K has long been known for:

its role in blood clotting

The major role of vitamin E in the body seems to be to:

act as an an antioxidant

the chemical name for vitamin E is:

Tocopherol

After 30 minutes of sun exposure, which of the following people would have synthesized more vitamin D?

a light skinned person

the main function of vitamin D in bone growth is to

assist in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus

Among fruits and vegetables, the best sources of beta-carotene are:

dark green or deep orange, like broccoli and sweet potato

a dietary deficiency of vitamin A can produce

night blindness

It is not absolutely necessary to consume the fat-soluble vitamins every day because they:

can be stored in the body for future use

which of the following would not be considered a fat soluble vitamin

vitamin C

the thermic effect of food represents about what percentage of the total food energy taken in

10%

an individual can most easily alter his/her energy output by altering

the intensity, duration and frequency of exercise