Pedagogy and Learning Theories Exam Review

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering key pedagogical concepts, theorists (Fröbel, Montessori, Reggio Emilia, Steiner, Dewey, Bandura, Ryan & Deci, Atkinson), motivation models, and learning principles from the lecture notes.

Pedagogisk arbeid

Activities and actions that help children learn and develop, such as reading books together, teaching cooperation, supporting new learning experiences, letting children try tasks on their own, and organizing activities.

Pedagogikk

The study of how humans learn, develop, and are brought up, as well as how adults facilitate and support children in their development.

Læring

The process of acquiring new knowledge, skills, or experiences, demonstrated when a child practices a task repeatedly (such as tying shoes) until succeeding independently.

Pedagogisk grunnsyn

The foundational view or mindset regarding children, learning, and development that shapes how educators work with children.

Fröbel

A pedagogue whose educational framework places a primary focus on play as a fundamental aspect of childhood learning.

Maria Montessori

An Italian doctor and pedagogue who emphasized independence (selvstendighet), self-paced learning through hands-on activity, and adults offering guidance only when needed.

Reggio Emilia

An educational approach originating in Italy that views children as capable and curious (flinke og nysgjerrige), encouraging exploration and active involvement in decision-making.

Rudolf Steiner

An Austrian pedagogue who focused on the whole child (hele barnet), placing high value on thoughts, body, emotions, creativity, play, and imagination.

Didaktikk

The study and method of teaching that addresses WHAT, HOW, and WHY specific content is taught (HVA, HVORDAN og HVORFOR).

Motivasjon

The drive or internal desire to do something; adults can foster motivation by offering praise, making activities enjoyable, helping, and providing choices.

Indre motivasjon

Motivation driven from within oneself because an activity is fun or personally meaningful, such as a child drawing simply because they enjoy drawing.

Ytre motivasjon

Motivation driven by external factors like rewards, praise, or external incentives, such as a child tidying up because an adult promises praise afterward.

Flytsone-modellen

A model describing a state of deep focus and concentration achieved when a task has a suitable level of challenge—where too easy causes boredom, too difficult causes frustration, and the right difficulty induces flow.

Mestring

The experience of personal achievement and capability, leading to feelings of happiness, increased motivation, pride, self-confidence, and a desire to try more.

Selvbestemmelsesteorien (Ryan og Deci)

Self-Determination Theory proposed by Ryan and Deci, which posits three basic psychological needs: Autonomi (autonomy), Kompetanse (competence), and Tilhørighet (belonging/relatedness).

Autonomi

The basic psychological need in Ryan og Deci's theory to have self-determination and choice (e.g., choosing whether to draw or build).

Kompetanse

The basic psychological need in Ryan og Deci's theory to feel capable and accomplished (e.g., feeling proud of cutting with scissors independently).

Tilhørighet

The basic psychological need in Ryan og Deci's theory to feel connected and included in a group or activity.

Prestasjonsteorien (Atkinson)

Achievement theory by Atkinson, which states that people are motivated either by a desire to succeed or a fear of failure, highlighting the role of adults in making environments safe for making mistakes.

Learning by doing (John Dewey)

An educational principle established by John Dewey stating that learning occurs through direct action and practical experience, such as planting flowers oneself instead of just listening to a explanation.

Bandura

A psychological approach emphasizing observational learning, where individuals learn skills and behavior by watching others and imitating them (e.g., a child watching an adult wash hands and then repeating the action).