Chapter 10: Acids and Bases and Equilibrium

Flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 10 on Acids, Bases, and Equilibrium.

What are the two types of acids and bases discussed in Chapter 10?

Arrhenius acids and bases and Bronsted Lowry acids and bases.

What does Arrhenius acids produce when dissolved in water?

Hydrogen ions (H+).

What is hydronium?

H3O+ which forms when an acid is added to water.

What do Arrhenius bases produce when dissolved in water?

Hydroxide ions (OH-).

What is the simplified notation for hydrochloric acid in water?

HCl → H+ + Cl-.

What do Bronsted Lowry acids do?

They donate hydrogen ions (H+) to other substances.

What is the reaction notation for hydrochloric acid as a Bronsted acid?

HCl + H2O → H3O+ + Cl-.

What is the product acid in the reaction of NH3 (ammonia) and water?

NH4+.

What is the formula for barium hydroxide?

Ba(OH)2.

How does water act in acid-base reactions?

Water can act as both an acid and a base, making it amphoteric.

What is the product constant for water (K_water)?

1.0 x 10^-14.

What does pH measure?

The acidity or basicity of a solution.

What is the pH range for acidic solutions?

0 to 7.

What is a strong acid?

An acid that dissociates fully or nearly fully in water.

What characterizes a weak acid?

It does not dissociate fully in water.

What is a neutralization reaction?

A reaction between equal molar amounts of H+ and OH- ions.

What is the formula used in titration calculations?

Mv = Mv, where M is molarity and V is volume.

What components are necessary for a buffer system?

A weak acid and its conjugate base.

Give an example of a buffer system.

Acetic acid (HC2H3O2) and sodium acetate (NaC2H3O2).

What happens at equilibrium in a chemical reaction?

The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction.

What principle states that changes to a system at equilibrium will shift the reaction to relieve stress?

Le Chatelier's principle.

What are the products of a neutralization between a strong acid and strong base?

Salt and water.