Socials 9- the French Revolution: Test Unit 2

Who was the "Sun King" and built Versailles?

King Louis XIV

What type of government did Louis XIV represent?

Absolute monarchy

What major problem increased under King Louis XV?

France's debt grew worse

Who was the king executed during the French Revolution?

King Louis XVI

Why was Louis XVI unpopular?

He was indecisive and failed to fix the financial crisis

Why was Marie Antoinette disliked?

Seen as extravagant and out of touch

Who was Marie Antoinette's mother?

Empress Maria Theresa

What alliance did the Louis-MA marriage strengthen?

France-Austria alliance

Who inspired ideas of rights and equality?

Enlightenment thinkers

What Enlightenment ideas influenced the Revolution?

Liberty, equality, natural rights

Who was Louis XVI's popular finance minister?

Jacques Necker

Why was Jacques Necker fired?

He proposed taxing the rich

Who led the Reign of Terror?

Maximilien Robespierre

Who was executed by Robespierre?

Georges Danton

Who took power in a coup and became emperor?

Napoleon Bonaparte

What legal system promoted equality before the law?

Napoleonic Code

What wars expanded French territory under Napoleon?

Napoleonic Wars

What caused Napoleon's fall?

Military defeat and exile

What riots showed unrest about bread prices?

Flour Wars

What scandal damaged Marie Antoinette's reputation?

Affair of the Diamond Necklace

Which war put France in debt but inspired change?

American Revolution

What caused tension between the estates?

Class conflict

Why was the Estates General called in 1789?

To solve the financial crisis

What promise was made in the Tennis Court Oath?

To write a new constitution

What event on July 14 marked the revolution's start?

Storming of the Bastille

Why did peasants panic during the Great Fear?

Rumors that nobles planned attacks

What document declared equality and rights?

Declaration of the Rights of Man

What event forced the king to Paris?

Women's March on Versailles

Which radical group took control?

Jacobins

What group enforced laws during the Terror?

Committee of Public Safety

What period saw mass executions?

Reign of Terror

What government ruled after the Terror?

The Directory

Who were nobles who fled France?

Emigrés

What is a sudden government takeover called?

Coup d'état

What government replaced the monarchy in 1792?

National Convention

What government limited the king's power in 1791?

Constitutional Monarchy

What system divided people into three classes?

The Estates

Who were the working-class radicals?

Sans-culottes

What crime was Louis XVI charged with?

Treason

What device symbolized revolutionary justice?

Guillotine

What law punished hoarding and price-raising?

Decree Against Profiteers

What law allowed arrest based on suspicion?

Law of Suspects

What movement reduced Church influence?

De-Christianization

What was France's old system before 1789?

Ancien Régime

What title was given to the heir to the throne?

Dauphin

What does "betrothed" mean?

Promised to be married

What class included merchants and professionals?

Bourgeoisie

What palace symbolized royal wealth and power?

Versailles

What was Marie Antoinette's private estate?

Petit Trianon

What were the high courts resisting royal laws?

Parlements

Who were Enlightenment writers promoting equality?

Philosophes

Who were the paid foreign soldiers used by the king?

Mercenaries

Voltaire

Advocated freedom of speech, religious tolerance, reason, and criticized corrupt officials, aristocrats, injustice, and superstition

Montesquieu

Promoted separation of powers in government to prevent any one group from having total control

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Advocated individual freedom, direct democracy, and believed civilization corrupts natural goodness

Thomas Hobbes

Believed humans are naturally selfish and need a strong central government to maintain order

Cesare Beccaria

Advocated criminal justice reform; laws exist to preserve social order, all are innocent until proven guilty

Mary Wollstonecraft

Argued for gender equality and education for women to ensure equal opportunities

Reason

Belief that logic and critical thinking can be used to improve society

Nature

Belief that what is natural is good and reasonable

Happiness

Belief that people should seek happiness on Earth

Progress

Belief that human society can improve over time through knowledge and reform

Liberty

Belief in freedoms and civil rights similar to those gained in the English Glorious Revolution

Salons

Social gatherings where Enlightenment thinkers discussed ideas, often hosted by women called Salonnieres

Philosophes

Intellectuals who challenged traditional authority and promoted reason, reform, and human rights

Who was known as the Sun King

Louis XIV

What palace did Louis XIV build to centralize royal power

Versailles

What major financial issue did Louis XIV's wars and spending cause

France's national debt doubled

What religious group did Louis XIV persecute causing many to leave France

Protestants

What nickname was given to Louis XV reflecting his popularity

Louis the "Well-Beloved"

Which French king famously said "After us

the flood," Louis XV

What major issue plagued France under Louis XV's reign

Growing debt and ineffective reforms

How did Enlightenment thinkers influence France during Louis XV's reign

Criticized monarchy and promoted reason, equality, and rights

What event caused Louis XVI to unexpectedly become Dauphin at age 11

Deaths of his older brother and father

Who was Louis XVI's queen and why was she unpopular

Marie Antoinette, seen as extravagant and foreign

What nickname reflected Marie Antoinette's spending habits

Madame Déficit

Which country did Marie Antoinette come from

Austria

Who arranged the Franco-Austrian alliance through marriage

Empress Maria Theresa

When did Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette marry

May 16, 1770

What economic crisis involved high bread prices and riots in 1775

The Flour Wars

What private estate did Marie Antoinette use to escape Versailles

Petit Trianon

What was the Queen's small working farm called

Hameau de la Reine

What scandal involved a diamond necklace damaging Marie Antoinette's reputation

Affair of the Diamond Necklace

What period in Europe promoted reason

human rights, and challenged monarchy, The Enlightenment

What gatherings did Enlightenment thinkers hold to discuss ideas

Salons

Who was a famous Enlightenment philosopher advocating tolerance

reason, and freedom, Voltaire

Which philosopher promoted separation of powers

Montesquieu

Which thinker promoted direct democracy and social contract

Rousseau

Which Enlightenment thinker focused on laws preserving social order

Beccaria

Which Enlightenment figure argued for women's education

Wollstonecraft

What social hierarchy existed in France before the Revolution

Three Estates

Who made up the First Estate

Clergy

Who made up the Second Estate

Nobles and aristocrats

Who made up the Third Estate

Bourgeoisie, urban workers, and peasants

When was the Estates General called to address France's crisis

May 5, 1789

Why had the Estates General not met in 175 years

Tradition and royal avoidance of consulting the estates

What voting system caused conflict in the Estates General

Voting by order versus voting by head

What did the Third Estate declare itself on June 17

1789, National Assembly

Where did the Tennis Court Oath take place

A locked indoor tennis court

Who were key young lawyers involved in early revolutionary politics

Maximilien Robespierre and Georges Danton