1.4: Naming, Classifying and Identifying Microorganisms

Who established the rules for the system of classification we use today?

Carl von Linne

What is assigning scientific names to the various taxonomic categories and to individual organisms?

Nomenclature

What is the arrangement of organisms into a hierarchy?

Classification

What is the process of discovering and recording the traits of organisms so that they may be recognized or named and then classified?

Identification

What is the formal system for organizing, classifying, and naming living things?

Taxonomy

Binomal System of nomenclature

Two-name system

The scientific nomenclature is called binomial because it assigns each organism two names: The _____ and ______

Genus and Species

How is the scientific name written?

Genus 1st

Species 2nd

The genus is always _____ and the specific epithet is ______

Capitalized, lowercase

What is the special characteristic of the classification schemes?

Organisms are classified in descending scheme starting from a most general characteristic to the most specific characteristics

The most general taxonomic category is

Domain (3)

The most specific category is

Species

Taxonomic categories from top to bottom (8)

1. Domain

2. Kingdom

3. Phylum/division

4. Class

5. Order

6. Family

7. Genus

8. Species

Who classified all living organisms in 3 domains?

Carl Woese and George Fox

The 3 domains in which Carl Woese and George Fox classified all living organisms

1. Bacteria/Prokarya

2. Archaea

3. Eukarya

What was the basis of carl woese and george fox’s classification scheme?

Molecular differences in the CELL WALL

Ribosomal RNA of a small unit of the ribosome

What is phylogeny?

The natural relatedness between groups of living beings

Are viruses and prions included in any of the classification or evolutionary schemes?

No, they are not cells or living organisms

How are Archaea different from other bacteria and eukaryotic organisms?

1. Cell structure

2. Smaller subunit ribosomal RNA

What is meant by microbiome?

All microbes in an environment

• Virus, bacteria, fungi, and protozoans