Early Childhood: Piaget

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22 Terms

1
Dual representation
________: viewing a symbolic object as both an object and a symbol.
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2
Young children have difficulty understanding that other people
________ feel, think, and understand things differently than they do.
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3
Discovery learning involves
________ opportunities for spontaneous interaction with the environment.
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4
Intuitive substage
________: children seem so sure about their knowledge and understanding, yet often cant provide explanations.
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5
Animism
________: preoperational children also may give human characteristics, such as thought and intention, to inanimate things.
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6
Piaget believed young children are beginning to put together logical explanations but
_______ are still influenced more by what they experience through their senses than by logical reasoning.
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7
Play not only reflects but also contributes to
childrenā€™s cognitive and social skills.
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8
Acceptance of individual differences
________ means planning for activities for individual children and small groups.
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9
Egocentrism
failure to distinguish others symbolic viewpoints from ones own
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10
Observed limitations of thinking during the why stage
Since not fully logical, children at this age often create causal links where none exist
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11
Conservation
the understanding that the basic quantity of something (its amount, volume, or mass) remains the same even if its appearance changes
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12
According to Piaget and others, children at the preoperational stage cannot yet
conserve. These tasks are mastered gradually over the concrete operational stage.
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13
Children in Western nations typically acquire conservation of number, mass, and liquid sometimes between
6 and 7 years and conservation of weight between 8 and 10 years.
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14
Piaget believed preschoolersā€™ bias prevents them from
accommodating, or reflecting on and revising their faulty reasoning
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15
Beginning around age 4-7, many children enter the
ā€œwhyā€ stage, also referred to as intuitive thought.
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16
Piaget demonstrated egocentrism using
his three-mountains problem
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17
Symbolic function substage occurs
roughly between the ages of 2 and 4.
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18
Symbolic function substage
Child gains the ability to mentally represent an object that is not present
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19
Ways of enhancing make believe play
  1. Provide sufficient space and play materials

  2. Encourage childrenā€™s play without controlling it

  3. Offer a variety of realistic materials as well as materials without clear functions

  4. Ensure that children have many rich, real-world experiences to inspire positive fantasy play

  5. Help children solve social conflicts constructively

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20
Benefits of make believe play
  • Leads to gains in social competence.

  • Strengthens cognitive capacities:

    • Sustained attention

    • Inhibition of impulses

    • Memory

    • Logical reasoning

    • Language and literacy

    • Imagination, creativity, perspective taking

  • Imaginary companions enhance pretend play.

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21
Through pretending, young children
practice and strengthen new representational schemes
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22
As children move from the sensorimotor to the preoperational stage (years 2 to 7),
representational activity increases
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