Capillary action
________- the movement of liquid along a surface of a solid caused by the attraction of molecules of the liquid to the molecules of the solid.
Atomic mass
________- number of protons plus number of neutrons averaged over all isotopes of an element.
Mode
________- value that appears most often in a data set.
Solvent
________- dissolving agent in a solution.
Inductive
________ reasoning- a type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large large number of specific observations.
Adhesion
________- when water molecules stick to non- water molecules.
Theory
________- an explanation that is broader in scope than a hypothesis, generates new hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of evidence.
Solute
________- substance that is dissolved.
Scientific law
________- statement of fact; describes an observation, doesnt explain how /why; generally accepted as true and universal.
Central tendencies
________- the center of the distribution of a data set, can be described by the mean, median, and mode.
Variability
________- measure of how far the data set diverges from the central tendency.
Octet rule
________- elements will gain, lose, or share electrons to complete their valence shell and become stable (like noble gases)
Deductive
________ reasoning- a type of logic in which specific results are predicted from a general premise.
Compound
________- a substance consisting of two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio.
Ionic bond
________- the attraction between oppositely charged atoms (usually between a metal and a nonmetal)
Solution
________- homogenous mixture of two or more substances.
Standard deviation
________- a measure of how spread out the data set is from the mean.
Element
________- a substance that cant be broken down into other substances in a chemical reaction.
Chemical bonds
________- an attraction between tow atoms, resulting from the sharing or transferring of electrons.
middle number
Median- ________ in a range of data points.
Control group
________- shows expected results, group is not manipulated by the independent variable.
Valence electrons
________- electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.
hypothesis
a explanation, based on observations and assumptions, that leads to a testable prediction
theory
an explanation that is broader in scope than a hypothesis, generates new hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of evidence
experimental group
identical to the control group in all ways, except for the independent variable (experimental results)
scientific law
statement of fact; describes an observation, doesnt explain how/why; generally accepted as true and universal
control group
shows expected results, group is not manipulated by the independent variable
deductive reasoning
a type of logic in which specific results are predicted from a general premise
inductive reasoning
a type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large large number of specific observations
constant
a quantity or variable that does not change during the experiment
alternative hypothesis
a hypothesis that may be supported by data
null hypothesis
a hypothesis that the researcher tries to disprove, reject, or nullify
independent variable
a factor whose value is manipulated or changed during an experiment to see how it effects the dependent variable
dependent variable
a factor whose value is measured during an experiment or other test to see whether it is influenced by the independent variable
central tendencies
the center of the distribution of a data set, can be described by the mean, median, and mode
mean
sum of all data points in a data set divided by number of data points (average of data set)
median
middle number in a range of data points
mode
value that appears most often in a data set
variability
measure of how far the data set diverges from the central tendency
range
difference between largest and smallest value in a data set
standard deviation
a measure of how spread out the data set is from the mean
standard error of the mean
used to determine the accuracy and confidence in the mean value
matter
anything that takes up space and has mass
element
a substance that cant be broken down into other substances in a chemical reaction
compound
a substance consisting of two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio
octet rule
elements will gain, lose, or share electrons to complete their valence shell and become stable (like noble gases)
capillary action
the movement of liquid along a surface of a solid caused by the attraction of molecules of the liquid to the molecules of the solid
chemical bonds
an attraction between tow atoms, resulting from the sharing or transferring of electrons
hydrogen bonds
the partially positive hydrogen atom in one polar covalent molecule will be attracted the an electronegative atom in another polar covalent molecule
covalent bond
when two or more atoms share electrons (usually between nonmetals)
ionic bond
the attraction between oppositely charged atoms (usually between a metal and a nonmetal)
cohesion
when water molecules stick to other water molecules
adhesion
when water molecules stick to non-water molecules
atomic mass
number of protons plus number of neutrons averaged over all isotopes of an element
solute
substance that is dissolved
solution
homogenous mixture of two or more substances
solvent
dissolving agent in a solution
valence electrons
electrons in the outermost shell of an atom
molecule
tow ore more atoms held together by covalent bonds