Matric Lo

stress

stress

feelings of fear with an additional pressure or demand

fear

emotion that causes unease and nervousness

stressors

pressures that lead to stress

physical stressor

emotional stressor

social stressor

environmental stressor

impacts your body

impacts your feelings

impacts your relationships

impacts everything around you

eustress v.s. distress

eustress motivates you to action distress is negative

stress management techniques

1. follow a balanced lifestyle

2. identify your stressors

3. deal with your emotion

4. visualise a dream goal

5. watch a comedy

6. manage your time

7. practise deep breathing exercises.

8. develop healthy relationships

confliction resolution: RESOLVE

Reach out Engage in conversation

Seek to solve the problem

Open up

Listen intently

Voice solutions

End on a good note

factors that influence effective communication

1. personality - how you are

   2. attitudes and values should act

   3. acceptance of responsibilities

   4. appropriate expression of views and feelings

   5. respect the feelings of others

develop new friendships after school

1. initiate a conversation

   2. learn names

   3. share about yourself

   4. keep up to date with topics to talk about timely stuff

   5. join clubs

   6. be a great listener

how to adapt to change

1. have a positive attitude

   2. don't resist change

   3. talk to someone

   4. apply coping mechanisms

study strategies

the ways in which someone approaches their studies

learning style

preferred way to absorb

visual auditory kinesthetic reading/writing

uses pictures/diagrams listening physical experience repetition of words/writing

time management and time management skills

time management - the process of organising and planning how to divide your time between activities skills - being able to manage your tasks in a given timeframe

study method examples

flashcards mindmaps mnemonics summaries tables

exam writing skills

1. practice with past papers 2. read questions carefully 3. manage your time 4. plan and structure your response 5. review your answers thoroughly

funding options

1. parents pay 2. loan from bank/varsity 3. bursaries - no need to pay back 4. scholarship - study fees

unemployment recession

unemployed if you made an attempt and failed

recession - time in a country where there is a decline in economic growth

why youth are unemployed

1. high wage demands that don't match entry level

   2. poverty

   3. lack of knowledge on how to apply for funding

   4. expectations don't match reality

   5. qualifications don't match job market

   6. lack of job searching skills

   7. lack of business willing to employ unexperienced

emotional impact of unemployment

1. not feeling worthy

   2. vulnerable to exploitation

   3. physical and mental illness

   4. low self-worth and loneliness

how to gain experience

1. volunteer

   2. informal jobs

   3. part-time jobs

   4. community work

SARS and taxes

taxes are used by government to implement plans to improve South African lives e.g. roads

1. corruption

   2. fraud

   3. cronyism

   4. bribery

   5. extortion

   6. influence peddling

   7. nepotism

   8. embezzlement

1. misuse of public power for private gain

   2. someone steals money through deceit 3. favouritism shown to friends regardless of qualifications 4. pay for illegal favour 5. obtain favours through threats 6. using influence in government to receive benefits 7. person of influence favouring relatives and friends 8. theft of funds placed in one's trust

corruption v.s. individual

cost-of-living increases poor individual feels it the most hopelessness settles in

corruption v.s. company

mistrust profit loss

corruption v.s. country

taxes increase and service deliveries fall part money set apart benefits individuals and not the country

strategies to prevent fraud and corruption

1. Educate the public

   3. Increase penalties

   4. Positively affirm groups where there has been a decrease in corruption

   5. Awareness to educate

violation of human rights

to deny individuals their fundamental entitlements and treat them as if they are less than human

bill of rights

chapter 2 of the constitution - protected in South Africa. this is our guide when dealing with discrimination and violations

campaign

planned sequence of activities which promote a cause - a multitude of channels are used and coordinated to deliver effective results

project

any undertaking carried out individually or collaboratively and possibly involving research or design

discrimination diversity

unequal treatment of others because they are of a different race/gender/religion etc diversity - variety of differences

role of media in democratic society

1. exposes violations of rights and corruption

   2. communicates informs and educates shapes public opinion

   3. promotes nation building

when media doesn't fulfil their roles responsibility

1. biased reporting

   2. appeasing sponsors

   3. entertains

   4. political news about personalities as opposed to political work.

how social media helps businesses

1. great network tool

   2. build your brand and grow your business

   3. gain insight about customers and followers

   4. advertising and communication

how social media impacts future career opportunities

1.connect people from all over the world

2. share updates about your professional life

3. helps you build your personal brand

4. makes you "more visible" to hiring managers and recruiters

social media footprint and dangers of social media

smf - all the stuff you leave behind as you use the internet dangers - can lead to depression; young people who don't know the world can develop prejudiced views

how we can decide the extent to which media reflects a democratic society

1. topics covered

   2. positions taken by editors

   3. space allocated

right to freedom of speech doesn't extend to

propaganda for war, incitement of imminent violence, advocacy of hatred, incitement to cause harm

sports coverage can expose discrimination

focus on male sports and not female sports

1. ideologies

2. worldview

3. beliefs

1. set of beliefs which influence people

2. beliefs and values about the world

3. something you accept as true

1. respect 2. empathy

1. understanding that we are all equal and to be treated equally

   2. understanding what other people are going through

1. National Government 2. Provincial Government 3. Municipalities

1. passes laws which apply to the Nation 2. can pass their laws to govern their provinces 3. municipalities have their own by-laws

national laws and provincial laws govern

agriculture education health services housing social welfare

municipalities are in charge of

1. free basic services to those who cannot afford them 2.employment opportunities and programmes

   3. provide public transport and public toilets

   4. form crime watch with police

1. educational programmes 2. intervention programmes 3. sports intervention programmes

1. teach and make people aware of issues to improve their responses to them 2. actively seek to make a change in communities 3. developed to involve youth in healthy exercise and discourage crime

questions about impact studies

purpose? - to gauge feasibility of project why? - to show whether project is viable how to measure impact? - answer basic questions and through data collection

personal mission statement

plan for your life that covers your values

ill health; accidents; crises; disasters

1. Ill health a medical condition that makes you unwell. 2. Accidents: mishaps

cultural practices; knowledge perspectives

1. Cultural practices: rites or regular activities done by people of the same origin. 2. Knowledge perspectives: facts and information seen from a particular viewpoint

Foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and consequences

a condition that results from alcohol abuse by the mother during pregnancy. leads to learning problems so children cannot cope at school

factors that cause ill-health, crises, accidents and disasters

psychological factors - to do with the mental and emotional aspects of being a human \n social factors - issues that involve people, community and the public \n religious factors \n cultural factors

lifestyle disease

A lifestyle disease is an illness that is linked to the way people live.

factors that causes lifestyle diseases

poor eating habits (e.g high salt; lack of vitamins; eating too much) lack of exercise; smoking; substance abuse; unsafe sexual behaviour

prevention meaning

Prevention means avoid

control of TB

Avoid getting TB by: Open the windows and let fresh air into your home classroom or transport/Help and encourage people who have TB to follow the treatment instructions

early detection and treatment

Early detection means to notice and get treatment early on when the illness starts before it becomes untreatable or becomes very difficult to treat and before it is passed on to others.

care and support

This may include 1. Relief from pain 2. Not speeding up or slowing down death. 3. Offering a support system to help patients live as actively as possible until death. 4. Offering a support system to help the family cope.

benefits of long-term participation in physical activity (physical

physical - stronger bones; reduced risk of heart attack; prevention of diabetes; improved fitness \n social - promotes social support; new friendships made; helps to integrate in a new situation \n mental - clears mind; prevents mental diseases; prevents pessimism \n emotional well-being - enjoyment; self-worth improved; having fun and laughing

cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is almost always caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. It is a cancer that forms in the tissues of the cervix can be found with regular screening.

lung cancer

Women are more vulnerable to the effects of smoking than men. Lung cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the lungs. Your lungs are two spongy organs in your chest that take in oxygen when you inhale and release carbon dioxide when you exhale. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. People who smoke have the greatest risk of lung cancer. However lung cancer can also occur in people who have never smoked.

prostate cancer

Starts in the male prostate gland Symptoms: Delayed or slow start to urination and slow urinary stream; Dribbling or leaks after urinating; An inability to empty out all the urine; Blood in the urine or semen; Bone pain in the lower back and pelvic bones

treatment of cancers

Treatment usually involves Chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Chemotherapy, or "chemo," uses \n special drugs to shrink or kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy, or "radiation," kills these cells with high- \n energy beams such as X-rays or protons.

TB

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually

attack the lungs, but TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain. \n Not everyone infected with TB bacteria becomes sick. \n TB disease in the lungs may cause symptoms such as: \n • a bad cough that lasts 3 weeks or longer \n • pain in the chest \n • coughing up blood or sputum (phlegm from deep inside the lungs) \n Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria that spread through the air, just like a cold or the flu. You can get TB \n only if you come into contact with people who have it. \n It can be completely cured with the right treatment which typically consists of medication in a pill form \n containing a mix of antibiotics.

hypertension

Hypertension ̶ or elevated blood pressure ̶ is a serious medical condition that significantly increases \n the risks of heart, brain, kidney and other diseases. Hypertension is when blood pressure is too high. Risk factors include unhealthy diets (excessive salt consumption, a diet high in saturated fat and trans fats, low intake of fruits and vegetables), physical inactivity, consumption of tobacco and alcohol, and being overweight or obese. Changing your lifestyle can help control and manage high blood pressure. Your doctor may recommend that you make lifestyle changes including: \n • Eating a heart-healthy diet with less salt \n • Getting regular physical activity \n • Maintaining a healthy weight or losing weight if you're overweight or obese \n • Limiting the amount of alcohol you drink \n But sometimes lifestyle changes are not enough. If diet and exercise do not help, your doctor may recommend medication to lower your blood pressure.

arrhythmia

Sometimes your heart gets out of rhythm. Your doctor calls an irregular or abnormal heartbeat an \n arrhythmia.

coronary artery disease

This develops as cholesterol and plaque accumulate on the interior walls of coronary arteries. This \n buildup is called atherosclerosis. The arteries become increasingly blocked, compromising the flow of \n oxygen-rich blood to heart tissue. If left untreated, the blockage can lead to chest pain and to a heart \n attack.

heart attack

This happens when blood flow to heart tissue is obstructed. This can occur from a buildup of plaque \n in the walls of coronary arteries (as in coronary artery disease). Signs of a heart attack include chest \n discomfort (pressure, squeezing, or pain), shortness of breath, nausea, and lightheadedness.

ways STIs can be transmitted

1. If you touch the infected area of another person and then touch yourself 2. From mother to child during birth. 3. Through unsafe blood transfusions. 4. By sharing needles.

common STIs

1. Syphilis is a bacterial infection that usually starts as a painless sore and a rash on palms of the hands and soles of the feet. It can also have no symptoms. 2. Genital herpes is marked by painful sores and blisters. 3. Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea usually cause genital discharge but sometimes also do not cause symptoms. 4. Genital warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). The characteristic symptom is a small bump on the genitals. 5. HIV is a virus that attacks cells in the immune system

employment contract

An employment contract can be defined as the contract that a company makes with an employee. The contract of employment specifies the terms and conditions that will apply between the company and the employee in the new relationship. It serves as a legal and binding contract between employer and employee An employment contract is signed by the employee and a representative of the organization An employment contract may not contradict the Basic Conditions of Employment Act (BCEA). This includes rules and regulations about the right to fair labour practices.

employment vocab

1. Act is the term given to a legislation or law passed by parliament. 2. Equity is the term used in a law e.g. Employment Equity Act

core elements of a job contract

1. Appointment 2. Duration 3. Employee duties 4. Service hours 5. Remuneration 6. Leave (annual leave

purpose of Basic Conditions of Employment Act

Ensure fair labour practices such as reasonable working hours fair remuneration for work done and sufficient notice before termination of employment are sustained at all times.

The Labour Relations Act (Act 66 of 1995)

Freedom of association and general protection. Collective bargaining is promoted by the Act

Freedom of association and general protection

Freedom of association and general protection 1. Workers have the right to join trade unions and employers have the right to form employers' associations 2. No person may be discriminated against because he or she joined a union or employers' organization. 3. The Labour Relations Act created structures for the purpose of collective bargaining

Employment Equity Act (Act 55 of 1998)

1. To eliminate unfair discrimination and promote equal opportunity for all employees in the workplace. 2. To implement affirmative action that ensures equal representation in all categories and levels in the workforce. This means that the employment policies of all businesses must prohibit discrimination against employees on the basis of race

Basic Conditions of Employment Act

1. Leave - Employees are entitled to 21 days consecutive leave (taking all 21 days together) per year or by agreement one day for every 17 days of work completed. \n Work Time - If an employee works six days a week, the maximum hours per day are eight hours. If the employee works five days a week, the maximum hours per day are nine hours. \n Payment - An employee may only work overtime if an agreement was reached between the employer \n and employee. Employees who work on Sundays must receive double pay, or one and a half times his or her normal wage if they normally work on a Sunday. Should an employee work on a public holiday, double the normal wage. An employee is entitled to 21 consecutive days fully paid leave. \n Child labour - No employer may employ a child of under 15 years of age. Children under the age of 18 are prohibited from working in inappropriate places such as \n casinos and bars. \n Meal breaks - An employee must have a meal interval of 60 minutes after five hours work. \n Notice period - The notice period for six months' service is one week. If an employee has worked for longer than one year, four weeks' notice is required. Should an employee be on probation but does not meet the required standard of performance, one week's notice must be given.

two digital platforms where you can apply for a job

LinkedIN and Facebook

Trade Union definitions

1. Recruitment is Finding suitable people for a particular job. 2. Trade union is an organization that represents the interests of their members in the workplace. 3. Federation refers to a group of organizations that is made up of smaller trade unions. 4. Redress way to correct or fix something that is wrong or unfair. 5. Collective Bargaining is negotiation of wages and other conditions of employment by an organized body of employees. 6. Obligations: refers to the duties/responsibilities that must be done because it is law.

Helpful steps if you choose to go the e-recruitment route

1. When you've found the job you wish to apply for make sure you have your CV saved as a pdf ready to upload. 2. Complete some online tests to see if you are suitable for this job. 3. Make sure you complete EVERYTHING on the online application. 4. Include photos on your CV of yourself.

Office bearer

In the workplace you would find an office bearer that represents the union. They have the right to: 1. Enter the workplace and hold meetings as well as recruit members. 2. Members from trade unions have the right to elect representatives at their workplace. 3. Authorise the employer to deduct subscription levies for the union.

Shop stewards

Trade union representatives are also called shop stewards. They have the right to: 1. Assist colleagues with grievances in the workplace. 2. Get special leave to attend union meetings. 3. Check whether employers are keeping the law in their treatment of employees. 4. Get information form the employer to check that the employee can fulfil their duties

Organisations vocab

1. 1. CCMA - the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration \n 2. EEA - Employment Equity Act \n 3. LRA - Labour Relations Act \n 4. BCEA - Basic Conditions of Employment Act \n 5. COSATU - Congress of South African Trade Unions \n 6. Name two groups of people the LRA does not apply to: \n Secret service, Nursing unions, National Defence Force.

Name two groups of people the LRA does not apply to

Secret service and Nursing unions

self-actualisation; principle; dismissal

Self-Actualisation is to achieve your potential and feel good about yourself. Principle in the context of work

societal expectations

what people believe you should do or how you should behave in the work environment.

work ethics

Being part of a work environment requires a level of responsibility. You need to be the kind of person that others enjoy working with. These ethical and moral standards show us what is right and wrong and are based on how you respect yourself, others and your surroundings. Every work environment has certain ethical rules they expect you to follow. For example, its unacceptable to steal the work stationary no matter where you work. People with a work ethic, work hard and do a good job no matter where they work.