Unit 1: The Global Tapestry: Key Terms and Concepts

These flashcards cover the key terms and concepts from the lecture notes concerning developments in East Asia from c. 1200 to c. 1450.

Song Dynasty

The wealthiest and most innovative empire in the world around 1200-1450, known for its political stability and artistic achievements.

Bureaucracy

A vast organization in which appointed officials carry out the empire's policies; a key feature of the Song Dynasty's governance.

Meritocracy

A system in which positions are awarded based on individual merit, notably through civil service exams based on Confucian texts.

Neo-Confucianism

A syncretic philosophy combining rational thought from Confucianism with abstract ideas from Daoism and Buddhism, emerging in China between 770 and 840.

Champa rice

A fast-ripening and drought-resistant strain of rice that significantly boosted agricultural productivity in China during the Song Dynasty.

Tributary System

An arrangement where other states pay money or provide goods to honor the Chinese emperor, solidifying China's economic power.

Foot binding

A practice that involved tightly wrapping women's feet to prevent natural growth, signifying social status in the Song Dynasty.

Guanxi

The system of social networks and influential relationships that facilitate business and can involve navigating social obligations in China.

Proto-industrialization

Economic changes in which rural areas produced more goods than could be sold, leading towards industrialization.

Woodblock printing

An early printing technique developed in China during the Tang Dynasty that allowed for the mass production of texts.

Buddhism

A religion introduced to China from India that gained popularity during the Tang Dynasty, emphasizing personal spirituality.

Sinification

The process of assimilating Chinese culture and traditions, experienced by Korean and Vietnamese societies in their historical interactions with China.

Zheng He

Chinese explorer during the Ming Dynasty known for his voyages that showcased China's power and expanded its tribute system.

Guilds

Associations of artisans and merchants in medieval Europe and China formed to regulate their trade and protect their interests.

Kowtow

A ritual of respect performed before the Chinese emperor involving bowing one’s head to the ground.

Mongol Empire

The largest land empire in human history, established by nomadic tribes from Central Asia, known for its extensive conquests across Eurasia.

Heian Period

The period in Japan (794-1185) noted for the establishment of a unique Japanese culture that blended Chinese influences with local traditions.

Bushido

The code of conduct for samurai in Japan, emphasizing loyalty, honor, and martial arts.