DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

4 DDRM THEMATIC AREAS

• Preparedness

• Response

• Recovery

• Mitigation

Preparedness

planning how to respond

Response

Efforts to minimize the hazards created by a disaster

Recovery

returning to normal

Mitigation

minimizing the effects of disaster

Metro Manila Cities transected by the West Valley Fault

1. Quezon

2. Marikina

3. Pasig

4. Makati

5. Pateros

6. Taguig

7. Muntinlupa

PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS)

I. Scarcely Perceptible

II. Slightly Felt

III. Weak

IV. Moderately Strong

V. Strong

VI. Very Strong

VII. Destructive

VIII. Very Destructive

IX. Devastating

X. Completely Devastating

Disasters

it can be defined as any tragic event stemming from events such as earthquakes, floods, catastrophic accidents, fires, or explosions. it is a phenomenon that can cause damage to life, property, and destroy economic, social, and cultural life of people

Hazards (Mapinsala)

these are natural or man-induced phenomena or activities the presence of which pose a threat to people’s lives, limbs, properties, and socio-economic conditions

Risks (Panganib)

refers to the degree or change and frequency that such hazards will affect or impact people and communities

Vulnerability (Kahinaan)

it is the level of susceptibility or resiliency of the people and communities against the impact of the prevailing hazards based on the state of physical, social, and economic conditions in a given area

Disaster Management

the efficient and effective utilization of resources and the application of measure that will mitigate the impact of unfortunate events and facilitate return to normalcy and redevelopment

Natural Disaster

• earthquakes

• floods, sea surges, tsunamis (seismic sea waves)

• volcanic eruptions

• hurricanes/typhoons, thunderstorms

• droughts

• epidemics

• fires, wildfires

Man-made Disasters

• hazardous chemical incidents

• conventional warfare

• building collapse

• civil disturbance

• nuclear, biological, or chemical incidents

• explosion

• aircraft crash

Disaster Risk Management

• involves all levels of government decision-makers and local government

• non-governmental and community-based organizations play a vital role in the process

• communities themselves are first responders

Disaster Risk Management includes:

1. prevention

2. mitigation

3. preparedness

4. response

5. recovery

6. rehabilitation

Rationale for Risk Management

• comprehensive risk management process has the potential to break the cycle of damage and reconstruction when a community is subjected to repeated natural hazards

• to be effective, a strategy must be in place and ready for immediate implementation when necessary

• this can only be done through advance preparation and planing

DRM refers to a range of—-

• policies

• legislative mandates

• professional practices

• social, structural, and non-structural adjustments

• risk transfer mechanisms

Range of Risk Management Measures

• engineering measures (keep hazard away from people)

• land use planning & management measures

• control & protection works (modifying the hazard)

• early warning

• preparedness planning (prepare in anticipation of a hazard event)

• reconstruction planning after a disaster with the aim of reducing the vulnerability

• mainstreaming risk management in development practice & institutionalizaion

taxonomy of natural hazards

• biological

• geophysical

• hydrological

• meteorological

• climatogical

Biological

• epidemic

• viral infectious disease

• bacterial infectious disease

• parasitic infectious disease

• fungal infectious disease

• prion infectious disease

• insect infestation

• animal stampede

Geophysical

• earthquake

• volcano

• mass movement (dry)

• rockfall

• landslide

• avalanche

• subsidence

Hydrological

• flood

• general flood

• flash flood

• storm surge/coastal flood

• mass movement (wet)

• rockfall

• landslide

• avalanche

• subsidence

Meteorological

• storm

• tropical cyclone

• extra-tropical cyclone

• local storm

Climatological

• extreme temperature

• heat wave

• cold wave

• extreme winter condition

• drought

• wildfire

• forest fire

• land fire

Multiple Casualty Incident (MCI)

any event resulting in a number of victims large enough to disrupt the normal course of emergency health care services

MCI RESPONSES:

• LEVEL I - LOCAL

• LEVEL II - REGIONAL

• LEVEL III - REQUIRING NATIONAL OR INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE

LEVEL I - LOCAL

• emergency response personnel and organization are able to contain the disaster

LEVEL II - REGIONAL

efforts and mutual aid from surrounding communities

LEVEL III

requiring national or international assistance

Legal Authority

PD 1566 - JUNE 11, 1978

• strengthening the Philippine disaster control capability and establishing the national program on community disaster preparedness

Office of Civil Defense

• the operating arm and secretariat of the National Disaster Coordinating Council

PD 1566, Sec. 1 - Declaration of Principles

• Responsibility for leadership rests on the provincial governor, city mayors, and municipal mayors (and barangay chairman), each according to his/her area of responsibility

• it is the responsibility of all government departments, bureaus, agencies, and instrumentalities to have documented plans of their emergency functions and activities

IATF

• creation of the inter-agency task force for the management of emerging infectious diseases in the Philippines

• the inter-agency task force for the management of emerging infectious diseases (IATF-EID) was created through executive order No. 168, s. 2014 in pursuance to the constitutional policy enshrined in Article II, Section 15 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, which provides that the state shall protect and promote the right to health of the people and instill health consciousness among them

• the IATF-EID is an inter-sectorial collaboration created to establish
  preparedness and ensure efficient government response to assess,
  monitor, contain, control, and prevent the spread of any potential
  pandemic in the Philippines. The IATF-EID is mandated to establish a
  system to identify, screen, and assist Filipinos suspected or confirmed
  to be infected with EID; and to prevent and/or minimize the entry of
  suspected or confirmed individuals with EID in the country, as well as
  prevent and/or minimize local spread of EID in the country.

Barangay: Nucleus of Community governance and Disaster Preparedness

• The Philippines has a unique local governance system of Barangay. It has a primary function of planning and implementing government policies, plans, programs, projects, and activities in the community.

• Local people are the source of knowledge about their community so that solutions can address what is really needed and wanted

Components EMS System

• triage

• on-site care

• initial resuscitation and treatment

• medical transport

• definitive care or trauma center

Triage

• it is the process of determining the priority of patients’ treatments based on the severity of their condition.

• this rations patient treatment efficiently when resources are insufficient for all to be treated immediately.

• the term comes from the french verb ‘trier’, meaning to separate, sort, sift, or select.

Triage procedure

1. assess victims’ vital signs and condition

2. assess their likely medical needs

3. assess their probability of survival

4. assess medical care available

5. prioritize the definitive management

6. color tag

Color tag

RED - MOST URGENT

ORANGE - VERY URGENT

YELLOW - URGENT

GREEN - LESS URGENT

BLUE - NOT URGENT

or

RED - immediate

YELLOW - delayed

GREEN - minor

BLACK - deceased