Lecture #3: Cells

Flashcards created from Lecture #3: Cells, covering cell history, cell theory, prokaryotic and eukaryotic distinctions, organelles, membrane transport mechanisms, and cellular appendages.

Describe what Cell Theory is ….

1. All life is composed of cells.

2. All cells come from preexisting cells.

What are the characteristics of cells

1. All living organisms consist of cells. 2. Cells are the fundamental units of life.

What are the two primary cell types?

Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells.

What are the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles and are more complex cell structure while prokaryotic cells doesn’t have nucleus or organelles but are simpler cell structure .

Describe the structure and function of nucleus

Structure: A membrane-bound organelle.

Function: Contains the cell’s genetic information and controls many activities of the cell.

Found in: Plant and animal cells

Describe the structure and function of Endoplasmic reticulum

Structure: A network of membranes inside the cell.

Function: Helps make and transport materials within the cell.

Found in: Plant and animal cells.

Describe the structure and function of Golgi Apparatus

Structure: A series of flattened membrane sacs.

Function: Modifies, sorts, packages, and transports materials.

Found in: Plant and animal cells.

Describe the structure and function of Lysosomes

Structure: Membrane-bound sacs containing digestive enzymes.

Function: Break down and recycle waste and materials in the cell.

Found in: Animal cells.

Describe the structure and function Of Mitochondria

Membrane-bound organelles

Function:convert energy from food into usable energy for the cell

found in both plants & animals cell

Describe the structure And function of Chloroplasts

Organelles containing chlorophyll.

Function:Capture light energy for photosynthesis

Found in elk plants cell & the cell of some Algee

Explain the role of a plasma membrane in regulating the transport of substance in and out of cells. What is the difference between passive and active transport?

Passive Transport

Passive transport moves substances without using energy.

It includes:

Diffusion

Movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration.

Osmosis

The diffusion of water across a membrane.

Facilitated Diffusion

Movement of substances across the membrane with the help of transport proteins, without using energy.

Active Transport

Active transport requires energy to move substances across the membrane

Describe the process of endocytosis and exocytosis and importance to cell function

endocytosis= is the import from the cell (into the cell)

exocytosis= is the export from the cell (out of the cell)

These processes are important because they allow cells to import and export mater