Conflict in the Pacific 1937-1951 Flashcards

Exactly $$100$$ flashcards based on the lecture transcript 'Conflict in the Pacific $$1937-1951$$' covering geopolitical tensions, the course of the war, and the occupation of Japan.

What policy of seclusion did the Japanese Shogun issue in 1638?

Sakkoku (Seclusion Decrees)

Which US Commodore visited Japan in $1853$ to force it to open up to the west?

Commodore Perry

What was the name of the military dictatorship system of government in Japan from $1603$ to $1867$?

Bakufu

Who was the Japanese Emperor during the Meiji Restoration spanning $1867$ to $1912$?

Mitsuhito (Meiji)

What year did Japan annex Korea?

$$1910$$

What territories were included in Japan's empire by $1914$?

Formosa, the Pescadores Islands, the Liaodong Peninsula, and Korea

What were the demands presented to China in $1915$ that gave Japan great leverage over the country?

The Twenty-One Demands

What was the name of the powerful business corporations in Japan that politicians had close links to in the $1920s$?

Zaibatsu

What was the capital ship ratio agreed between the US, Britain, and Japan in the Five Power Treaty of $1921-22$?

$$5:5:3$$

What Japanese foreign policy of the $1920s$ sought to show respect for China's territorial integrity?

The Shidehara Policy

On what date was the explosion staged on the Manchurian railway to justify Japanese intervention?

$19$ September $1931$

Manchuria became which independent puppet state under Japanese control in $1932$?

Manchukuo

Who was the former Chinese Emperor placed as the leader of Manchukuo?

Pu Yi

What was the American belief in a "Manifest Destiny"?

The duty to expand westwards towards the Pacific

Which US Amendment abolished slavery in $1865$?

$13th$ Amendment

In what year did the United States purchase Alaska from Russia?

$$1867$$

What US policy announced in $1899$ called for equal opportunity for commerce and industry in China?

Open Door policy

Who was the US Secretary of State who announced the Open Door policy?

John Hay

What US doctrine announced in $1932$ refused to recognize Japanese territorial gains in Manchuria?

The Stimson Doctrine

Which US Senator led the $1936$ committee that claimed bankers and munitions producers made fortunes during WWI?

Senator Nye

What was the aim of the US Neutrality Acts passed between $1935$ and $1937$?

To prevent US involvement in another foreign war

What minor clash north of Beijing in July $1937$ developed into a full-scale war between China and Japan?

The Marco Polo Bridge Incident (or China Incident)

How many Chinese civilians and people are estimated to have died in the Rape of Nanjing?

Over $200 000$

Where did Jiang Jieshi's government move after the fall of Hankou to escape Japanese forces?

Chongqing

What anti-communist agreement did Japan and Germany sign in November $1936$?

The Anti-Comintern Pact

The combination of Italy, Germany, and Japan established in $1940$ is known as what?

The Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis (or the Axis powers)

In what month and year did the Tripartite Pact establish the leadership of Japan in east Asia?

September $1940$

What agreement did Japan and the Soviet Union sign in April $1941$?

A Neutrality Pact

What were the three regions of Vietnam that comprised part of French Indochina?

Cochin-China (south), Annam (central), and Tonkin (north)

Who was the French governor in Indochina during World War II instructed to cooperate with Japan?

Decoux

What US act passed in March $1941$ allowed vast military supplies to be sent to Britain?

The Lend-Lease Act

What name was given to the US demands handed to Japan on $25$ November $1941$ calling for the removal of forces from China?

The Hull Note

On what date did the Japanese task force under Admiral Nagumo receive orders to proceed with the attack on Pearl Harbour?

$2$ December $1941$

At what time did the Japanese planes strike Pearl Harbour on $7$ December $1941$?

$$7.55\,am$$

How many US battleships were destroyed or badly damaged in the attack on Pearl Harbour?

$$8$$

How many US service members were dead or missing after the Pearl Harbour attack?

Over $3 000$

Who was the overall planner of the Pearl Harbour attack for Japan?

Admiral Yamamoto

Who was the US Secretary of State during the $1941$ negotiations with Japan?

Cordell Hull

Who voted against the declaration of war on Japan in the US House of Representatives?

Jeannette Rankin

On what date did Britain, Australia, and New Zealand declare war on Japan?

$8$ December $1941$

On what date did Hong Kong fall to the Japanese?

$25$ December $1941$

Which two major British battleships were sunk by Japanese planes on $10$ December $1941$?

HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse

At which air base in the Philippines was the US Far East Air Force strength cut in half on the first day of the attack?

Clark Air Base

On what date did Japanese forces begin their occupation of Manila?

$2$ January $1942$

Who was the US General ordered by Roosevelt to flee the Philippines for Australia in March $1942$?

General Douglas Macarthur

The Bataan Death March involved a march to which location?

San Fernando

Who was the Japanese General executed in $1946$ for his responsibility for the Bataan Death March?

General Homma Masaharu

What was the symbolic US retaliatory air raid on Tokyo in April $1942$?

The Doolittle Raid

On what date did Singapore surrender to the Japanese?

$15$ February $1942$

What British Prime Minister called the fall of Singapore the "worst disaster" in British history?

Winston Churchill

How many Australian soldiers from the $8th$ Division AIF became POWs after the fall of Singapore?

$$15 000$$

Where did the ABDA fleet suffer a major defeat against the Japanese in late February $1942$?

The Battle of the Java Sea

Who was the Australian Prime Minister from $1941$ to $1945$?

John Curtin

Between what dates was the Battle of the Coral Sea fought?

$4$ to $8$ May $1942$

Which US aircraft carrier was destroyed during the Battle of the Coral Sea?

The Lexington

Between what dates was the Battle of Midway fought?

$4$ to $7$ June $1942$

How many aircraft carriers did the Japanese navy lose at the Battle of Midway?

$$4$$

Which Japanese Vice Admiral commanded the four aircraft carriers at Midway?

Chuichi Nagumo

In which battle did US forces succeed partly due to cryptologists breaking Japanese codes?

The Battle of Midway

The US offensive in Guadalcanal was codenamed what?

Watchtower

What was the name of the airstrip on Guadalcanal captured by US forces?

Henderson Field

On what date did the US claim total control of Guadalcanal?

$9$ February $1943$ (actually stated as $1942$ in transcript error on page $62$, but $1943$ on page $61$)

What was the name of the track where Australian troops fought the Japanese in New Guinea?

The Kokoda Track

What was the first land defeat experienced by the Japanese during the war?

Milne Bay (September $1942$)

What March $1943$ battle involved the sinking of a Japanese convoy carrying reinforcements to New Guinea?

Battle of the Bismarck Sea

What allied strategy involved blockading and bypassing Japanese bases to reach Japan more quickly?

Island-hopping

Which US Admiral was the commander of forces in the Central Pacific?

Admiral Chester Nimitz

In which $1944$ air battle did US pilots refer to their success as "the Great Marianas Turkey Shoot"?

The Battle of Philippines Sea

Where did the greatest naval battle in history take place in October $1944$?

Battle of Leyte Gulf

Which battle only $900$ miles from Tokyo involved the loss of all but $200$ of Japan's $22 000$ troops?

Iwo Jima

How many casualties did the US suffer during the capture of Okinawa?

Over $50 000$

The firebombing of Tokyo on $9/10$ March $1945$ killed approximately how many people?

Over $100 000$

What was the name of the Japanese propaganda concept of "Asia for the Asians"?

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

What term did the Japanese use for the female sex slaves in occupied territories?

Comfort women

The Vietminh resistance in Indochina was led by whom?

Ho Chi Minh

How many allied POWs and Asian laborers were estimated to have died on the Thai-Burma Railway?

$12 500$ POWs and tens of thousands of Asian workers

The march from Sandakan in $1945$ where only six men survived is known as what?

The Sandakan Death March

What was the name of the Japanese secret police?

Kempeitai

What were the traditional Japanese neighborhood associations used for social control called?

Tonarigumi

What was the name of the Japanese labor mobilisation campaign launched in $1937$?

National Spiritual Mobilisation Campaign

What were Japanese elementary schools renamed in April $1941$?

National Schools

On what date was the first bombing of Darwin?

$19$ February $1942$

What Australian hospital ship was sunk by a Japanese submarine in May $1943$?

AHS Centaur

On what date did John Curtin say Australia looks to America "free of any pangs as to our traditional links"?

$27$ December $1941$

Which Australian movement leader was arrested under the National Security Act of $1939$?

P R Stephenson (Australia First Movement)

What was the code name for the top-secret US project to develop an atomic bomb?

The Manhattan Project

Who was the scientific lead for the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos?

J Robert Oppenheimer

What was the date of the pertama successful test of an atomic device at Alamogordo?

$16$ July $1945$

The bomb dropped on Hiroshima was codenamed what?

Little Boy

What was the name of the B-29 bomber that dropped the bomb on Hiroshima?

Enola Gay

How many people are estimated to have been killed immediately by the Hiroshima bomb?

$$80 000$$

The second atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki was codenamed what?

Fat Boy

On what date did the Soviet Union declare war on Japan and invade Manchuria?

$8$ August $1945$

Where was the formal Japanese surrender document signed on $2$ September $1945$?

USS Missouri

What was the title of the trials for high-ranking Japanese officers charged with "crimes against peace"?

Class A Trials

Who was the chief prosecutor at the International Military Tribunal for the Far East?

Joseph B Keenan

What was the name of the Sugamo Prison inmate who served as Prime Minister during the war and was executed in $1948$?

Hideki Tojo

What acronym refers to General Macarthur as the Supreme Commander of Allied Powers?

SCAP

Which article of the new Japanese constitution renounced war as a sovereign right?

Article $9$

In which year did the allied occupation of Japan officially end?

$$1952$$