studdy buddy 3

Who led about 500 soldiers and settlers to New Mexico?

Juan de Oñate

The Spanish began to torture, murder, and extort supplies from which group?

Pueblos people

What happened to residents of Acoma after they killed several Spanish soldiers?

All above the age of 12 were enslaved and men older than 21 had one foot amputated.

What was the main economic advantage that the Spanish found in New Mexico?

New Mexico had little wealth and did not prove advantageous for Spain.

Who established Port Royal for the French?

Jacques Cartier and crew.

What significant area did Samuel de Champlain dub in 1608?

Quebec.

What was the primary business established by the French in North America?

The beaver pelt business.

What was the Society of Jesus commonly known as?

Jesuits.

What were Jesuits referred to by the Natives?

Black Robes.

What was the outcome of epidemics according to Jesuits?

Used their immunity to smallpox as an example of God’s punishment for sinners.

Which company established an outpost at present-day Albany, NY?

Dutch West India Company.

What major conflict occurred between Amerindian allies of New France and New Netherlands?

Clashed over trade dominance.

What was the Divine Right of Kings as declared by James I?

The power of Stuart comes from God himself.

What did King James revoke in 1624 regarding Virginia Company?

He revoked the charter, making it a royal colony.

What was established by wealthy merchants to govern Virginia?

Virginia Company.

What significant event occurred in 1607 related to Jamestown?

Jamestown was established by 108 men.

What crop became the staple crop and chief source of revenue in Virginia?

Tobacco.

Who was the leader of Tsenacommacah that signed a treaty with John Smith?

Powhatan.

What were the conditions under which indentured servants worked?

Servants completed their terms of indenture to earn "freedom dues".

What was the response of the English regarding land ownership compared to Natives?

English believed that only cultivated land could be considered 'owned'.

In what year was the House of Burgesses established in Virginia?

1619.

What significant document did the Pilgrims create for their settlement?

Mayflower Compact.

What did Puritan congregations emphasize in New England?

Key to life in New England.

Who was the governor elected for the Massachusetts Bay Company in 1629?

John Winthrop.

What did Puritans believe about good works and faith?

Key to salvation is faith in God.

What war involved the slaughter of 400 Pequots?

Pequot War.

Who was the prominent missionary that sought to civilize Natives?

John Eliot.

What was Roger Williams' belief regarding Amerindian land?

The Bay colony had no right to land already occupied by Amerindians.

What was one of the major consequences for those who broke the commandments in New England?

Punishable by death.

Which religious figure challenged the authority of the Puritan community?

Anne Hutchinson.

What did the Massachusetts laws drawn from scripture include?

Laws forbade drunkenness, card playing, dancing, and cursing.

What was the basis of New England's legal code?

Moral conduct.

What was established in 1635 in Maryland?

Maryland's House of Delegates.

What significant event occurred in 1613 involving Powhatan's daughter?

Pocahontas was kidnapped by settlers.

What was the main demographic difference between New England and Virginia's settlers?

New England had more women and families than Virginia.

What kind of agricultural towns developed in New England?

Small agricultural, preserving Winthrop’s views.

What shift occurred in labor in New England in the mid-century?

Presence of slavery was introduced.

What characterized families in New England?

Families were numerous, large, and long-lived.

What was a major consequence of high mortality rates in Virginia?

Small and fragile households.

How did tobacco cultivation affect settlement patterns?

Dispersed settlements were good for cultivation but bad for defense.

What did Opechancanough's necessary actions do in response to settlers?

He led attacks against settlers.

How did Jesuits adapt to their environment with Native relations?

They attempted conversion but faced resistance to changes in child rearing.

What was the fate of the Virginia Company due to lack of profits?

It failed in 1622.

What agreement involved cooperation amongst settlers of the Mayflower?

Mayflower Compact established representative government.

What was the expected outcome for the new colonies that were established?

Greater social mobility for displaced individuals.