Cytology

Synarthrosis = ___ joint

Cartilaginous Joint

Diarthrosis = _____ Joint

Fibrous—> IMMOVEABLE (bones of skull)

Cartilagenous —> Intervertebral Disks

Synovial—> MOVEABLE with Capsule that has fluid and articular cartilage, nerves, membrane, ligaments, and nerves/BVs(Knee + Shoulder)

Parenchyma: cell’s responsible for organs ___ functions

Stroma: play a ____ role in organ

specialized

supporting

Color and Type:

• Basophilic

• Acidophilic

Basophilic:
COLOR: Dark Blue hematoxylin

STAINS: net negative charge (anion), Basic

EX: Rna, DNA

Acidophilic:

COLOR: PINKISH eosin

STAINS: net positive charge (cation), acidic

EX: mitochondria, secretory granules, collagen

Plasma Membrane

• Contents

• Function

CONTENTS: phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, oligosaccharides

FUNCTIONS: selective barrier

Phagocytosis vs Pinocytosis

Phago: PARTICULATE material

Pino: DISSOLVED substances

Paracrine Signaling vs Autocrine Signaling

Paracrine: Ligand diffuse in EXTRACELLULAR FLUID —> LOCAL TARGET

Autocrine: Cell produces own signal —> OWN TARGET

Nucleus + Nucleolus

Nucleus:

• Chromatin —> Euchromatin (finely dispersed granular material), Heterochromatin: COARSE DARK CLUMP

Nucleolus:

• Basophilic, ACTIVE IN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Ribosomes stain as

basophilic

ER containes folds called ____

Major site for biosynthesis of _____

If it has a POLYRIBOSOME it is ____ ER

Cisternae

PROTEINS + LIPIDS

Rough

Golgi Pupose: _____ of proteins in RER

Contain _____ membranous _____ for NEW PROTEINS TO BE PROCESSED

LOCATED NEAR NUCLEUS

_____ GRANULES FOUND HERE

Modifications/Packaging

Smooth; Saccules

SECRETORY

Lysosomes:

Intracellular Digestion to breakdown _____ using ____ enzymes

Macromolecules; hydrolytic

Mitochondria:

Aerobic Respiration and ____ production

ATP

Perioxosomes:

Sperical Organlles

Degrade: ____

Crystalloid aggregate of ____ which can inactivate toxins dangerous to ___ and ____ cells

H2O2

Protein; Liver; Kidney

Microtubules vs Actin Filaments vs Intermediate Filaments

Microtubules: Organize Cytoplasm, Cargo Transport,

• FORM CENTROSOMES, MITOTIC SPINDLE

Intermediate Filaments: Cell:Cell

Actin Filaments: Cell Shape, Locomotion, Muscle Contraction

Metabolites with NO Metaboli Activity:

• LIPID DROPLETS

• GLYCOGEN GRANULES

  • MELANIN: Dark Brown

  • LIPOFUSIN: pale brown near neurons

  • HEMOSIDERIN: dense brown, denatured ferritin proteins in liver + spleen