Human Development Exam 2 Practice Test Questions

Flashcards to prepare for Exam 2 in Human Developing covering chapters 3 & 4 in the textbook

Body (Soma)

Receives and integrates incoming signals from other neurons

Dendrites

Branched projections that receive signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body.

Axon

Sends electrical signals away from the cell body to other neurons or muscles

Axon Terminal (Synaptic Terminal)

Site where neurotransmitters are released to communicate with other neurons.

Myelin Sheath

Insulating layer that speeds up signal transmission along the axon

Frontal lobe

Motor control, decision making, and personality

Parietal lobe

Sensory perception and spatial awareness

Temporal lobe

Auditory processing and memory

Occipital lobe

Processing visual information

What is differentiates primitive reflexes from survival reflexes?

Primitive reflexes are triggered by external stimuli, while survival reflexes originate from internal factors.

What is the difference between gross and fine motor skills?

Gross motor skills involve coordination of large body parts, while fine motor skills involve precise muscle control.

Which of the following examples best illustrates a fine motor skill?

Using a pencil to write one's name.

Which theorist proposed the stages of cognitive development, including sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages?

Jean Piaget

What is the distinction between temperament and personality in the context of human development psychology?

Temperament relates to emotional reactions, while personality encompasses overall traits and characteristics.

Which of the following attachment styles is characterized by an unwillingness to become close to others and an avoidance of emotional intimacy?

Dismissive-avoidant attachment

What does the term "social referencing" refer to in the context of human development psychology?

Seeking emotional cues from others to gauge how to react in uncertain situations.

When does self-awareness typically begin to emerge in infants according to research in developmental psychology?

Around 6 to 8 months of age.

How do babies begin to display emotional regulation during the early stages of human development in psychology?

Through innate and learned strategies, influenced by caregivers.

Which of the following answer choices best describes the anxiety or fear displayed by babies towards unfamiliar persons?

Stranger wariness

What is the primary function of the left hemisphere of the brain in human development?

Language processing and logical reasoning

Sensorimotor

Object Permanence

Preoperational

Egocentrism

Concrete Operational

Conservation

Formal Operational

Abstract Thinking

What is egocentrism?

The tendency to view the world from one's own perspective

What is a key function associated with the right hemisphere of the brain in human development?

Creative and artistic abilities

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, what is animism?

The belief that inanimate objects have human-like qualities

What is object permanence?

The recognition that objects still exist when they are out of sight

What is a characteristic of the formal operational stage?

Use of abstract reasoning

Which of the following would be an example of scaffolding?

A teacher breaking down a complex task into smaller, manageable steps and providing assistance as needed

What is Fast-Mapping?

A cognitive process of rapidly learning new words and their meanings

According to Vygotsky, the Zone of Proximal Development refers to:

The range of tasks a child can perform with assistance

Conservation refers to the understanding that:

The quantity of a substance remains the same even when it is changed in appearance or configuration

In Piaget's theory, seriation is the ability to:

Order objects or items by a particular property, such as size or weight

Which of the following is an example of classification?

Grouping items according to size

Which of the following best defines centration in terms of cognitive development?

The tendency to focus only on a single, perceptually salient feature of a problem.

Declarative memory is also known as:

Explicit memory

Which of the following is an example of explicit memory?

Remembering a phone number

According to the Theory of Mind, what do people understand about others?

People have different thoughts and beliefs than themselves

Which of the following best describes the theory-theory?

Children develop theories to explain and make sense of their experiences

What is the main difference between self-concept and self-esteem?

Self-concept refers to the assessment of one's skills and abilities, while self-esteem is the reflection of one's worth and value.

What is the cause of autism in children?

Genetics

What is metacognition?

The ability to think about one's own thinking

In the context of human development, introspection can be used as a tool for which of the
following?

Understanding the cognitive and emotional changes that occur throughout the lifespan

Which term refers to the ability to resist the temptation of an immediate reward and wait for a later, larger reward?

Delayed gratification

Which of the following best defines critical thinking?

The process of analyzing information to make sound decisions

Which of the following best defines gender identity?

The mental representation of oneself as male or female

How do gender schema and gender roles differ?

Gender schema refers to the cognitive framework for understanding gender, while gender roles refer to the set of behaviors and traits associated with a particular gender.

How does critical thinking benefit human development?

It helps individuals make more informed decisions and solve problems

According to DSM-5, gender dysphoria is characterized by:

A persistent and marked aversion or discomfort with the physical features associated with one's assigned gender

Which parenting style is characterized by providing few rules and little structure while allowing children to make their own decisions?

Permissive

What is the main difference between authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles?

Authoritative parents are more flexible and open-minded than authoritarian parents.

Which parenting style is characterized by high levels of warmth, support, and responsiveness towards children?

Authoritative

How does the neglectful parenting style affect children?

It can lead to attachment disorders and poor emotional regulation

Which of the following statements is true regarding permissive parenting?

Permissive parenting leads to children with low discipline and self-control

Parten's play classification system categorizes play into how many types?

Six

Which type of play in Parten's system involves playing independently but with similar toys or in the same area as others?

Parallel play

According to Parten's play classification system, what is the main difference between associative play and cooperative play?

Associative play involves sharing toys, while cooperative play involves taking turns.

What is synaptic pruning?

The process through which neural connections are reduced, strengthening those that are used. 

Which of the following best defines object permanence?

Understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight. 

Which of the following is an example of fine motor skills?

Using a spoon to eat cereal.

What is egocentrism in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?

The belief that everyone sees, thinks, and feels the same way you do.

Which parenting style is characterized by high expectations, warmth, and clear communication? 

Authoritative