1B: Introduction to the Human Body & Body Regions

Anatomy

Refers to body structures & their relationships.

Physiology

Refers to body functions & hos the different parts work.

Embryology, Developmental Biology, Cell Biology, Histology, Gross Anatomy, Systemic Anatomy, Regional Anatomy, Surface Anatomy, Radiographic Anatomy, & Pathological Anatomy

9 subspecialties of anatomy.

Neurophysiology, Endocrinology, Cardiovascular Physiology, Immunology, Respiratory Physiology, Renal Physiology, Exercise Physiology, & Pathophysiology

8 subspecialties of Physiology.

Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, System, & Organism

The 6 levels of structural organization.

Metabolism, Responsiveness, Movement, Growth, Differentiation, & Reproduction

The 6 characteristics of the living human organism.

Catabolism

Metabolic chemical processes that involve the breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components.

Anabolism

Metabolic chemical processes that involve the building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components.

Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic & Immunity, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, & Reproductive System

The 11 systems of the human body.

Homeostasis

Refers to the maintenance of relatively stable conditions in the body’s internal environment such as the volume & composition of body fluids.

Feedback Systems/Loops

A cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is monitored, evaluated, changed, re-monitored, and re-evaluated.

Negative & Positive

2 kinds of feedback systems.

Negative Feedback Systems

A kind of feedback loop wherein a response works to stop the stimulus such as a body’s response to BP being too high.

Positive Feedback Systems

A kind of feedback loop wherein a response works to reinforce the stimulus such as a body’s response to cervical contractions during birthing.

Normal Anatomical Position

The anatomical position wherein a person is upright with palms outward.

Superior

The directional term defined as toward the head or the upper part of a structure.

Inferior

The directional term defined as away from the head or the lower part of a structure.

Anterior

The directional term defined as nearer to or at the front of the body.

Posterior

The directional term defined as nearer to or at the back of the body.

Medial

The directional term defined as nearer to the midline.

Lateral

The directional term defined as farther from the midline.

Intermediate

The directional term defined as between 2 structures.

Ipsilateral

The directional term defined as a structure that is on the same side of the body as another structure.

Contralateral

The directional term defined as a structure that is on the opposite side of the body from another structure.

Proximal

The directional term defined as nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk or nearer to the origination of a structure.

Distal

The directional term defined as farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk or farther from the origination of a structure.

Superficial

The directional term defined as toward or on the surface of the body.

Deep

The directional term defined as away from the surface of the body.

Frontal Plane, Sagittal Plane, Transverse Plane, Oblique Plane, Mid-Sagittal Plane

5 kinds of planes and sections.

Frontal Plane

A plane that divides the body into the front & back & is also referred to as “coronal”.

Sagittal Plane

A plane that divides the body into left & right & cuts along the midline.

Transverse Plane

A plane that divides the body into superior & inferior & is also referred to as “axial.”

Oblique Plane

A plane that divides the body from the calf used in imaging.

Mid-Sagittal Plane

A plane that divides the body into the midline.

Cranial, Thoracic, & Abdominopelvic Cavity

The 3 major body cavities.

Pleural (Left & Right), Pericardial, & Mediastinum

The 3 cavities associated with the Thoracic Cavity.

Abdominal & Pelvic

The 2 cavities associated with the Abdominopelvic cavity.

Diaphragm

The structure that divides the body into thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavities.

Pleural Cavity

A thoracic cavity that surrounds a lung each.

Pericardial Cavity

A thoracic cavity that surrounds the heart.

Pleura

The serous membrane of the pleural cavity.

Pericardium

The serous membrane of the pericardial cavity.

Mediastinum

The central portion of thoracic cavity between the lungs that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column. Where you can find the heart, bronchi, & aorta.

Anterior Inferior Lower Iliac Spine

The main basis between the division of the abdominal & pelvic cavity.