PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

total approach to achieving better health utilizing a whole-of-society scheme and engaging communities to actively participate in health

social justice

equity

community empowerment

PHC values

primary care and essential public health functions as the core of integrated services

multisectoral policy and action

empowered people and communities

3 main components of PHC

PRIMARY CARE

health service provided to people close to their homes

Includes health promotion, disease prevention, health maintenance, counseling, patient education and diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic illness in different health settings (American Association of Family Medicine)

o Refers to the first contact of a person with a professional

•A model of nursing care that emphasizes continuity of care

Health for All by the Year 2000

United Nations (1977)

HEALTH FOR ALL: UNIVERSAL GOAL OF PHC

means an acceptable level of health for all the people of the world through community and individual self- reliance.

This policy agenda of "health for all by the year 2000" technically, was a global strategy employed in achieving three main objectives:

(1)promotion of healthy lifestyles,

(2)prevention of diseases, and

(3)therapy for existing conditions.

three main objectives of the policy HEALTH FOR ALL :

Alma Ata Declaration (1998)

aims to implement a worldwide system reform focusing on accessibility of healthcare

•Alma Ata Declarations of PHC

•Health as Basic Fundamental Right

•Global Burden of Health inequalities

•Economic and Social Development

•Government responsibility

•LOI 949, PHC adopted in the Philippines

Accessible, Available, Affordable, Acceptable, Appropriate

5 A’s of Health System

Accessible

distance/travel time required to get to a health care facility/service

the home must be w/in 30 min. from the Brgy. health stations

Available

➢A question whether the health service is offered in health care facilities or is provided on a regular and organized manner.

Affordable

➢Consideration of the individual, family, community, and government can afford the services.

➢The out-of-pocket expense determines the affordability of health care.

➢In the Philippines, government insurance is covered through philhealth.

Acceptable

Health care services are compatible with the culture and traditions of the population.

Appropriate

expressed needs provides solutions that are safe

E - education for health

L - locally endemic disease control

E - essential drugs

M- maternal & child care health including responsible parenthood

E - expanded program for immunization

N - nutrition

T - treatment of communicable and non-communicable diseases

S - safe water and sanitation

ELEMENTS of PHC

Primary Health Care

focus of client is family and community

focus of care is promotive and preventive

decision making process is community-centered

outcome is self-reliance

setting for services are rural-based satellite clinics; community health centers

goal is development and preventive care

Primary Care

focus of client is individual

focus of care is curative

decision making process is health-worker driven

outcome is reliance on health workers

setting for services are mostly urban places; hospital clinics

goal is absence of diseases

1. Knowledge and Capacity Building

2. Human Resource for health

3. Financing

4. Technology

Determinants for Success for PHC

Knowledge and Capacity Building

health education and training sessions

Community Organizing

identify potential leaders who can help augment the limited number of health professionals in rural areas

Financing

RA 10351

RA 10963

RA 10351 - Sin Tax Reform Law

restructured the excise tax on alcohol and tobacco products in the Philippines by amending the National Internal Revenue Code. The law increased tax rates, removed the "price classification freeze" on cigarettes based on 1996 prices, and mandated that a portion of the incremental revenue be used to fund universal healthcare.

RA 10963 - Tax Reform for Inclusion and Acceleration (TRAIN LAW)

simplifies the donor's tax schedule from an eight-bracket schedule with rates ranging from 2% to 15% to a single rate of 6% of total gifts in excess of P250,000.

Technology

application of science for the benefit of communities

1. Effective

2. Safe

3. Affordable

4. Sustainable

5. Acceptable

Goodyear (2009) states that Health technology should be

Drugs that are considered essential

are not only regarded as life saving but can be used for all population groups

Health Technology Assessment Council

reviews the best available evidence

○ Politics

○ Culture

○ Education

○ Employment

Social Determinants of Health:

RA 7581 “The Price Act”

is a Philippine law enacted to protect consumers by stabilizing the prices of basic necessities and prime commodities during emergencies, calamities, or other abnormal market situations. The law allows the government, primarily through the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), to impose price ceilings and implement measures to prevent price manipulation such as hoarding, profiteering, and cartels, while ensuring businesses a reasonable profit. 

RA 9502 “The Cheaper Medicine Act of 2008”

is a Philippine law that aims to ensure public access to affordable, high-quality medicines. It provides the Department of Health (DOH) with tools to monitor and regulate drug prices, and it encourages the use of generic medicines by relaxing rules on patents for prescription drugs. 

RA 6675 - Generics Act of 1998

sought to ensure adequate supply, distribution, use and acceptance of drugs and medicines identified by their generic name (DOH, 2018).

● Medicines Access Program (MAP)

● Cheaper Medicine Program (CMP)

Another initiative from the public sector is the implementation of:

Medicines Access Program (MAP)

a program by the Philippine government's Department of Health (DOH) to ensure the availability and affordability of essential medicines for Filipinos, particularly the poor and marginalized

Cheaper Medicine Program (CMP)

a government initiative in the Philippines aimed at making quality medicines more affordable and accessible. Launched in 2008 under Republic Act 9502 (Cheaper Medicines Act), the program includes policies like promoting generic drugs, encouraging price competition, and regulating drug prices to ensure access to essential medicines for all.

■ ComPack or Complete Treatment Pack

■ Botika ng Barangay (BnB)

DOH launched:

 ComPack or Complete Treatment Pack

provides free complete sets of medicines for common diseases to the poorest of the poor. The program was designed to reduce out-of-pocket expenses and improve access to essential drugs for marginalized sectors.  

Botika ng Barangay (BnB)

refers to drug outlets managed by community organizations or local governments that sell generic medicines at lower prices. The Department of Health established BnBs to promote access to affordable medicines, especially in remote areas.

RA 8423 - Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act (TAMA) of 1997

promotes and integrates traditional and alternative health care into the national healthcare system.

Traditional Medicine

sum total of the knowledge, skill and practices based on theories, beliefs and experiences of an individual

Complementary Medicine

combination of traditional and conventional methods

Traditional and Alternative Health Care

● Acupressure

● Acupuncture

● Aromatherapy

● Chiropractic

● Massage

● Nutritional Therapy

● Pranic healing

● Reflexology

● Herbal medicine 

● Phytomedicine

Pranic healing, Choa Kok Sui

a no-touch energy healing system that uses the life force energy, or "prana," to promote wellness

• Developed by Grandmaster ____________, it works on the principle that the body can heal itself, and it aims to accelerate this process by cleansing, energizing, and balancing the body's energy systems.

Reflexology

a complementary therapy that involves applying pressure to specific points on the feet, hands, and ears, based on the theory that these points correspond to other organs and systems in the body. It is believed to promote relaxation, reduce stress, and improve overall well-being,

Phytomedicine

is the science of using plants and their extracts for medicinal purposes, encompassing both traditional knowledge and modern scientific research. It involves the study of plants for their pharmacological properties to prevent and treat diseases in humans, though it can also refer to the science of plant health and disease.

○ Decoction

○ Infusion

○ Poultice

○ Tincture

Phytomedicine

Decoction

is a liquid extracted from plant material, such as roots, bark, and seeds, by boiling them in water. This process is used to make a concentrated liquid, similar to a strong herbal tea, for medicinal or culinary purposes.

Infusion

a drink, remedy, or extract prepared by soaking the leaves of a plant or herb in liquid.

Poultice

are primarily used short term for wounds, bruises, sprains, or strains. They can be messy and generally require the patient to sit or lie still during use for thirty minutes or longer several times a day for optimal results.

Tincture

is a concentrated liquid extract, often made by soaking plant or animal material in a high-proof alcohol like ethanol. It can also be a solution where ethanol is the solvent, used to create topical antiseptics like tincture of iodine or natural remedies.

Herbal Medicine

use of plants to treat illnesses, ease symptoms, or support overall health

Lagundi

Yerba Buena

Sambong

Tsaang Gubat

Niyog-niyogan

Bayabas

Akapulko

Ulasimang Bato/pansit-pansitan

Bawang

Ampalaya

Herbal Medicine

Lagundi

asthma, cough and colds, fever, pain, skin disease

Yerba Buena

headache, stomachache, rheumatism, arthritis

Sambong

antiedema

Tsaang Gubat

diarrhea, stomachache

Niyog-niyogan

antiparasitic

Bayabas

washing wounds, diarrhea, gargle

Akapulko

antifungal

Ulasimang bato/ pansit-pansitan

lowers blood uric acid

Bawang

hypertension, lowers cholesterol, toothache

Ampalaya

Diabetes mellitus (mild non-insulin dependent)