H8 Unit 3: Road to Independence Terms

Road to Independence

The Great Awakening

a widespread Christian movement in the 1730s and 1740s involving strong sermons and revivals that emphasized faith in God

mercantilism

practice of creating and maintaining wealth for the mother country by carefully controlling trade with its colonies

Navigation Acts

laws requiring all colonial trade to be taxed and pass through England before entering the colonies

Duties

taxes on imports or exports

Import

trade goods coming into a country

Export

trade goods leaving a country for another country

Free enterprise

economic competition with little government control.

salutary neglect

British practice of not policing/ controlling its colonial holdings, essentially leaving the colonies to govern themselves

Militia

adult, male citizens enrolled in military service and called out for periodic drills, but serving full time only in emergencies in their colony

Albany Plan of Union

a failed protection plan for the American colonies during the French and Indian War proposed by Ben Franklin

Guerilla warfare

fighting in which soldiers/ fighters use swift hit and run tactics, ambushes, and fighting from cover against an enemy.

Casualties

soldiers killed, wounded or missing in battle.

Treaty of Paris (1763)

treaty ending the French and Indian War, France lost nearly all claims in N. America and the British took control of Canada + east of the Mississippi River

Pontiac's Rebellion

Native Americans continued to fight the British and colonists in the Ohio Valley and the Great Lakes after the French and Indian War officially ended.

Proclamation of 1763

law issued by King George III of England stating that colonists could not move west of the Appalachian Mtns and any settlers living west of that line must move east of the line or be forced out

1st Continental Congress

(1774) meeting of 56 delegates in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, delegates wrote 10 resolutions to send to the King of England

Boston Tea Party

(1773) event where colonists, disguised as Native Americans, dumped 342 tea chests into Boston Harbor

boycott

refuse to buy certain goods

smuggle

to import or export without paying taxes on the item

Declaratory Act

(1766) act of Parliament repealing the Stamp Act, but asserted Parliament's authority to pass laws that were binding on the American Colonies "in all cases whatsoever"

Committees of Correspondence

created in the 1760's in Massachusetts to help towns and colonies share information about resisting the new British laws

Intolerable Acts

(1774) law passed by Parliament to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party and tightened government control of the Boston and Massachusetts, contained (4) parts

Lexington and Concord

first of two conflicts of the American Revolution, outside of Boston on April 19, 1775, known as the "Shot Heard Round the World"

Minutemen

colonial militia members who were ready to fight at a "minute's" notice

Parliament

British law making body

repeal

to end an act or law

Sons + Daughters of Liberty

secret organization of men and women protesting British tax laws, formed by Samuel Adams

Stamp Act

(1765) tax on all printed materials: newspapers, legal documents, playing cards

Sugar Act

(1764) act passed in order to raise revenue for England, taxed sugar and molasses

Tea Act

Parliament gave the British East India Company a monopoly on the tea business, this actually lowered the tax on tea but the colonists could only buy East Indian Tea

Townshend Act

(1767) indirect tax on glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea

writs of Assistance

blanket search warrants to search for smuggled goods

natural rights

rights that all people possess that cannot be taken away or given, among these are life, liberty, and property

George Whitefield

Christian preacher whose tour of the English colonies attracted big crowds and sparked the First Great Awakening.

Jonathan Edwards

Preacher and theologian during the First Great Awakening; most famous sermon "Sinners in the Hands of Angry God"