Human Population Dynamics and Environmental Impact

Prehistoric Human Populations

Early human populations grew slowly due to survival challenges.

Post-Industrial Revolution

Population growth accelerated due to technological advancements.

Demographics

Study of human populations and their characteristics.

Limiting Factors

Environmental constraints affecting population growth.

Carrying Capacity

Maximum population size an environment can sustain.

School of Thought 1

Malthus argued population growth leads to resource scarcity.

School of Thought 2

Modern views suggest technology can mitigate resource limits.

Population Dispersion Types

Patterns of how populations are spread in an area.

Random Dispersion

Individuals are distributed unpredictably across an area.

Clumped Dispersion

Individuals group together in specific areas.

Uniform Dispersion

Individuals are evenly spaced throughout an area.

Natural Resources

Essential materials that support urban population centers.

High Population Density Factors

Resources like water and fertile land attract populations.

Global Population Growth Rate

Calculated by subtracting death rate from birth rate.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Number of live births per 1,000 people annually.

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

Number of deaths per 1,000 people annually.

Doubling Time

Time required for a population to double in size.

Rule of 70

Estimates doubling time using growth rate percentage.

Life Expectancy

Average lifespan of individuals in a population.

Infant Mortality Rate

Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births.

Fertility Rate

Average number of children born to a woman.

Population Decline Causes

Factors like famine, disease, and emigration reduce populations.

Life Expectancy

Average age a person is expected to live.

Child Mortality Rate

Deaths of children under five per 1,000 live births.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Average number of children a woman will have.

Replacement-level fertility

Fertility rate needed to maintain population size.

Age Structure Diagrams

Visual representation of age distribution in a population.

Demographic Transition Model

Framework explaining population changes over time.

High Birth Rates

Significant number of births in a population.

Low Birth Rates

Few births relative to the population size.

High Death Rates

Significant number of deaths in a population.

Low Death Rates

Few deaths relative to the population size.

Cohort Survivability

Likelihood of individuals surviving to a certain age.

Population Graph

Graphical representation of age and gender distribution.

Transitional Stage

Phase in demographic transition with specific characteristics.

Hypothesis on Education

Predicted impact of education on population dynamics.

Cultural Norms

Shared beliefs influencing population behaviors and trends.

Health Indicators

Metrics reflecting the health status of a population.

Food Supply

Availability of food resources for a population.

Sanitation

Conditions affecting public health and hygiene.

Technology Impact

Influence of technology on population growth and health.

Housing Quality

Standard of living based on housing conditions.

Economic Factors

Economic conditions affecting population growth and stability.

World Population

Over 8 billion people globally as of now.

Top Contributing Countries

China and India lead in global population.

Population Trends

India's population growth catches up to China.

Fertility Rate

Average number of babies born per woman.

U.S. Fertility Trends

Fertility rate fluctuated throughout the twentieth century.

Geographical Comparison

Analyze fertility rates across similar regions.

Social Factors

Influence population growth and resource use.

Infant Mortality

Rate of infants dying before age one.

Birth Rate

Number of live births per 1,000 people.

Death Rate

Number of deaths per 1,000 people.

Education Level

Influences fertility and economic development.

Rate of Population Growth

Annual increase in population size.

Energy Use

Consumption of energy resources by a population.

Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Total CO2 emissions produced by a country.

IPAT Equation

Estimates human impact on the environment.

Impact of Population

Population size affects environmental resource use.

Impact of Affluence

Wealth influences consumption and pollution levels.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Total economic output per person in a country.

GDP Correlation

Higher GDP often correlates with increased pollution.

Technology Impact

Technology can positively or negatively affect the environment.

Affluent Societies

Higher consumption leads to greater environmental impact.

Poor Societies

Limited resources lead to different environmental challenges.

GDP Per Capita

Economic output per person, measured annually.

Lowest Income Countries

Nations with minimal GDP per capita.

Highest Income Countries

Nations with maximal GDP per capita.

Population Growth

Rate at which a population increases.

Ecological Footprint

Environmental impact of human activities.

Dollar Street

Website comparing living conditions by income.

Extreme Poverty

Living on less than $1.90 a day.

Middle Income Families

Households with moderate economic resources.

Richest Families

Households with substantial financial wealth.

Geographic Regions

Areas defined by shared characteristics or boundaries.

Sustainable Development Goals

Global objectives for improving life and environment.

Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI)

Measure of economic progress including social factors.

Income Grouping

Classification based on economic status.

Comparative Analysis

Evaluating differences between income levels.

Visual Data Representation

Graphs or charts displaying economic information.

Environmental Indicators

Metrics assessing ecological health and sustainability.

Quality of Life

Overall well-being and living standards of individuals.

Rich vs. Poor Items

Comparison of goods across income levels.

Cultural Context

Influence of culture on economic conditions.

Resource Accessibility

Availability of essential items for survival.

Social Determinants of Health

Conditions affecting health outcomes in populations.

Income Disparity

Difference in income levels among populations.