Adverse effects/ Therapeutics effects of Antibiotics

Beta-Lactam Adverse effect Cluster ( PCN, Ceph, Carb, Mono)

Epigastric distress; black hairy tongue; hypersensitivity, superinfection, PCN cross sensivity

Universal Adverse effect

NVD

Coagulation issues

PCN, Cephalosporin

Superinfection risk strong association( c.diff, thrush, vaginal yeast, hairy black tongue, foul stool)

Penicillin

Cephalosporins

Carbapenems

Monobactam

Superinfection possibility

Monobactam

Fluoroquinolones

Tetracycline

Seizure concern

Carbapenems ( strong)

Cephalosporin

Monobactam

Fluroquinolones

Renal concerns

Cephalosporins

Carbapenems

Monobactam

Sulfonamides

Fluoroquinolones

Hepatic doing

fluoroquinolone, macrolide

Renal concern possible

Aminoglycosides

Tetracycline (caution, depends) dose depends on kidney function

Photosensivity

Sulfonamides

Fluoroquinolones

Macrolides

Tetracycline

Fluoroquinolone specific adverse

Tendinitis ( tendon rupture); neuropathy; CNS weakness, QT prolongation, liver impairment

Macrolide specific adverse

prolonged QT; liver impairment; myasthenia gravis.

Sulfonamide specific adverse

severe rash (SJS), hypoglycemia, blood cell abnormality

Tetracyline specific adverse

no dairy ( dairy interaction), tooth discoloration

which meds should you think about when you think cardiac

fluoroquinolone and macrolide

Aminoglycoside specific adverse

nephrotoxicity, otoxicity, neurotoxicity, peak and trough monitoring

Main therapeutic effect of all drugs

→ Decrease in WBC toward normal→ Absence of fever→ Improvement in infection symptoms→ Decreased redness, warmth, swelling, drainage→ Resolution of infection

Beta-Lactam Therapeutic effect (PCN, Ceph, Carb, Mono)

Respiratory infections → Skin infections → Surgical prophylaxis (Ceph) → Severe hospital infections (Carbapenems)

Carbapenem specifically

severe infection

Macrolide therapeutic focus

Respiratory infections, Atypical infections

Sulfonamide therapeutic focus

UTIs, Skin infections

Fluroquinolones therapeutic focus

Broad infections (systemic/organ), Respiratory, Urinary

Aminoglycosides therapeutic focus

severe systemic infection often crtically ill or hospital patients

Tetracyline

Acne, Respiratory, Certain systemic infections