Foundations of Power/Liberal Democracy/Open Society

Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)

Strong centralized authority is necessary to prevent anarchy

John Locke

Advocates for government that protects life, liberty and property; citizens have a right to revolt

Plato (The Republic)

Philosopher kings should rule as they can grasp truth and justice

Aristotle

Governments Should Serve the common good; constitutional government is ideal

Karl Marx

History is shaped by class strugle, advocates for a classless communal system

Friedrich Nietzsche

Rejects institutional Authority; true leaders are strong individuals who define their own values.

Liberal Democracy

Combines power resting with people with protection of Individual rights: free elections, rule of law, separation of powers, protection of minorities, freedom of speech and minorities

Open Society Thinker

Karl Popper

Open Society

encouraging political tolerance, critical thinking, and accountability. Anyone can. participate in democracy unless they are dangerous, protecting against authoritarianism through transparency and pluralism