Social 20-1 WW2+Genocide Key Terms and Figures

Totalitarianism

the rejection of democracy and liberalism(value of individuals) and the priorities of the state are put before all else.

-also a part of fascism and communism

Hitler

fascist dictator of Germany

Stalin

communist leader of the Soviet Union

Mussolini

fascist dictator of Italy

Anschluss

union of Austria and Germany, also a unification of the German populations of Europe

Ultranationalism

extreme nationalism where countries like Japan, Germany, and Italy were pursuing their national interests so strongly that they were causing harm to others

Blitzkrieg

lightning war, a type of fast-moving warfare used by German forces

Phony War

British sent troops to France who then marched to the Maginot Line(Belgian border), but the troops only waited there while Germany went on to take over Poland and invade Denmark, Norway, Holland, and Belgium. Journalists called it this name because the British took no action, and the Germans ended up going around the Maginot line and invaded France

Fascism

an ideology promoting total state control of nearly all aspects of life, a strong loyal military, and indoctrination of its citizens through propaganda

- Example: Mussolini in Italy and Hitler in Germany

Communism

a socio-economic system characterized by state custody of all property and resources, also a lack of a class system. This system emerged in Russia during WW1 but the government became radically totalitarian under Stalin(USSR).

The Blitz

relentless air raids/bombings of Britain, they never surrendered

Vichy Regime

Vichy France is the common name of the French State headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II. The regime was authoritarian, xenophobic, antisemitic, corporatist, and traditionalist in nature.

Stalingrad

the German's decided to attack the USSR and they had success at the start but a very cold winter immobilized their army(equipment failures, frostbite, etc.), and the Germans eventually surrendered at Stalingrad

Dieppe

area in 1942, where the allies attempted to invade France but failed

-the lessons learned at this site were applied to the invasion at Normandy years later

Normandy

site of Operation Overlord / D-Day, where Allies landed on this French beach and establish a beachhead(base)

Allies

France, Britain, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, USA(later), USSR(later)

Axis Powers

Germany, Italy, Japan, USSR(until Germany attacked it)

The Holocaust

A plan/genocide created by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and the mentally and physically disabled.

Nazis

Hitler's National Socialist Party

Rwandan Genocide

During a civil war, the majority Hutus massacred approximately 800,000 of the minority Tutsi people in this small central African country. Canadian General Roméo Dallaire was the commander of a small UN peacekeeper force. His calls for a larger force were ignored and this tragedy took place. This lack of action is considered to be one of the UN's greatest failures in peacekeeping.

Hutus

majority group in Rwanda;massacred Tutsis

Tutsis

minority group in Rwanda; massacred by Hutus

Kristallnacht

"Night of Broken Glass," when Nazis and Germans vandalized Jewish businesses

Auschwitz

Nazi concentration camp in Poland, the largest center of mass murder during the Holocaust. Close to a million Jews, Gypsies, Communists, and others were killed there. Killed in gas chambers.

Lebensraum(Heide)

Hitler wanted much larger(territory) German state full of Aryans. He invaded Jewish countries and replaced those lands with Aryans.

Lebensraum(online)

Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people

Appeasement

Europe appeased Hitler as they were not anxious to go to war again, but, with the invasion of Poland, Britain and France felt they had no choice but to declare war. Canada declared war 1 week later to show its sovereignty.

Dunkirk

port in France where Allied troops were evacuated by British military and citizens' ships when their retreat by land was cut off by the German advance in 1940

Barbarossa

Operation where Hitler decided to invade Russia for the resources and space it had, despite the non-aggression pact between the two. This resulted in failure for the Germans

D-Day

Allied invasion of France on June 6, 1944; also known as Operation Overlord

Pearl Harbour 1941

Dec. 7 1941 the Japanese attacked this harbour; 118 US ships sunk(most were repaired), 2400 Americans killed and 1800 wounded, Japanese attacked to protect their advances into Malaysia and Indonesia, resulted in America joining the war(under FDR)

Hiroshima

August 6, 1945; United States drops the 1st Atomic Bomb

Nagasaki

August 8, 1945; bombed by an atomic bomb as well

C.D. Howe

"Minister of Everything", led Canada's war preparations, nationalized private companies, created Wartime Prices and Trade Board, this prevented inflation and profiteering

BCATP

British Commonwealth Air Training Plan; trained 131'000 men

Ortona

Canadians captured a walled city in Italy in 1943, victory but lost 500 men

Zombies

derogatory term used to describe soldiers who were enlisted for home defence under the National Resources Mobilization Act instead of for service overseas

Mackenzie King(1)

Canadian Prime Minister during WWII, his government declared war 1 week after Britain and joined the Allies

Japanese Internment

During WWII, the government needed to intern Japanese Canadians for various legitimate reasons. The internment camps were established in the interior of British Columbia to remove them from the "safety zone" along the coast to prevent the possibility of sabotage

Genocide

the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation

Enabling Act

a law that enabled Hitler to assume dictatorial powers and get rid of the opposition government

Nuremberg Laws(Heide)

-Anti-Semitic Laws

-established criteria to determine who was/wasn't Jewish

-policies of discrimination against Jews

Nuremberg Laws(online)

racist and antisemitic laws that placed severe restrictions on Jews, prohibited them from marrying non- Jews, attending schools or universities, holding government jobs, practicing law or medicine, or publishing books

The Holodomor

a man-made famine-genocide in which the USSR starved the people of Ukraine; killed millions

Weimar Republic

govt of Germany before the rise of Hitler

Anti-Semitism

hate and prejudice towards Jewish people

Aryan

Hitlers Ideal race of people(Nordic descent);

somewhat like selective breeding to the Aryan race(blue eyes, blonde hair, tall)

Communism Beliefs

Economic equality: poor unless connected. Class equality: among the poor. All property public: owned by friends of party.

Fascism Beliefs

National strength: war. National Pride: racism. Private enterprise, rigid classes.

Shared Beliefs of Communism and Fascism

Dictator rule, anti-democracy, anti-free speech, anti-individual, govt. surveillance.

Schutzstaffel(SS)

Hitler secret police

RPF

Rwandan Patriotic Front; Tutsi rebel group

5 year plan

Stalin's plan to build up Russia's industry

Sudetenland

land that Germany thought was rightfully theirs due to the large German-speaking population(Anschluss). Part of Czechoslovakia

Mussolini

Wore black shirts to intimidate enemies

Zero Japanese

Number of Japanese guilty for Anti-Canadian activity

Kulaks

Targeted in Ukraine

Hitler

used the Enabling Act to become a dictator

War Measures Act

act used to allow the internment of Japanese in Canada

Mackenzie King

Prime Minister during Japanese internment

Auschwitz

Largest internment camp

Ethiopia

Italian colony in Africa

Romeo Dallaire

the Canadian Major General who led the UN peacekeeping mission in Rwanda

Ultranationalism

national interests at the detriment of others

Vichy

Nazi home base in France

Non-Aggression Pact

Hitler and Stalin won't attack each other

Public corporations during WW2

nationalized and government took control

Indochina

French colony made up of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (know vietnam)

Ortona

Canadian victory in Italy

Dunkirk

British evacuation of soldiers

118

Ships sunk at Pearl Harbour

Battle of Midway

American success against Japan, a turning point in the war in the Pacific

Harry Truman

sent the order for the Atomic Bombs to be dropped on Japan