Key Concepts in Early American History

This set of flashcards covers essential vocabulary and key concepts from early American history, including founding documents, significant events, and social movements.

French & Indian War

A conflict (1754-1763) that was part of the global Seven Years' War, leading to British territorial gains but increased debt and colonial taxes.

Proclamation of 1763

An order forbidding settlement west of the Appalachians to reduce conflicts with Native Americans.

Boston Massacre

A 1770 incident where British troops killed colonists, used as propaganda to highlight British tyranny.

Common Sense

A pamphlet by Thomas Paine (1776) that advocated for American independence and criticized monarchy.

Declaration of Independence

Adopted on July 4, 1776, primarily written by Thomas Jefferson, outlining natural rights and the right to overthrow unjust governments.

Articles of Confederation

The first U.S. constitution (1781-1789) that created a weak central government with limited powers.

Shays' Rebellion

An uprising in 1786-87 that revealed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, highlighting issues of trade and national debt.

Washington's Farewell Address

A speech warning against the dangers of political parties and permanent foreign alliances.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution (1791) that guarantee individual freedoms and protect against government abuse.

Louisiana Purchase

The 1803 acquisition of territory from France for $15 million, which doubled the size of the U.S.

Nullification Crisis

A conflict during Andrew Jackson's presidency where South Carolina attempted to reject federal tariffs.

Trail of Tears

The forced relocation of Native American tribes, particularly the Cherokee, resulting in significant suffering and death.

The American System

Henry Clay's economic plan that included a national bank, protective tariffs, and internal improvements to promote economic unity.

Second Great Awakening

A religious revival in the early 19th century promoting salvation, free will, and the responsibility to improve society.

Seneca Falls Convention

The first women's rights convention held in 1848, marking the beginning of the women's suffrage movement in the U.S.

Nativism

A policy and belief system characterized by hostility against immigrants, blaming them for societal problems.