Biology - Chapter 2

Know the subatomic parts of the atom and their charges

proton positive, neutron nuetral, electron negative

Cover right. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in atom?

6 P, 6 E, 6 N. P = + sign, N = nothing, E = - (or just on outside)

How do isotopes differ?

Number of neutrons

Covalent vs. ionic bond

Atoms share electrons, atoms take/transfer electrons

properties of water

polarity, form hydrogen bonds, surface tension, high heat capacity

solute vs. solvent

being dissolved, doing the dissolving

pH scale

Scale that shows how much acid something has. 0-6 = acidic, 7 = neutral, 8-14 = basic. Lower the number the more acid

atoms that make up carbohydrates

CHO, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. 1:2:1 ratio

atoms that make up lipids

CHO carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. More C and H, some O

atoms that make up protein

CHON carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.

atoms what make up nucleic acid

CHONP carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus

Monomer and polymer of carbohydrate

Monosaccaride(gluclose). starch, chitin, cellulose

Monomer and polymer of lipid

Glycerol and fatty acid. Lipid

Monomer and polymer of protein

amino acid. polypeptide

Monomer and polymer of nucleic acid

nucleotide. Nucleic Acid, DNA, RNA

Function of carbohydrate

Short and fast energy

Function of protein

cell transport, speed up chem reaction, support cells in body

Function of lipid

long term energy, structure for cell membrane

Function of nucleic acid

carries genetic info

What is occurring when a chemical reaction happens

Bonds break as reactants in the reaction and form new ones when creating products

Know which are the reactants and which are the products in a reaction

R = before. P = after

Know energy-releasing vs. energy-absorbing reactions

Exothermic. Endothermic

Cover top. Which reaction is this, endothermic or exothermic. Why?

Energy goes up

Cover top. Which reaction is this, endothermic or exothermic. Why?

Energy goes down

The jobs of enzymes in a chemical reaction

Cataylists that speed up chemical reactions making them possible

graph of energy, know to label

Optimum environments for enzymes and the affects if put in an environment if not optimum

The correct pH, temperature, and salinity for each enzyme. they break and cannot be used